4 Data, Statistics and Probability
Section Information
Outcome/Competency: You will be able to make informed predictions and decisions using statistics and probability.
Timing: 15h
Rationale: Why is it important for you to learn this skill?
A common expression now is “trust the science.” People will often quote all types of data and statistics to make a point because, to a large extent, science is nothing but numbers. The problem is that data and statistics can be twisted and misrepresented. In order to make informed and wise decisions, you need to know how to interpret data and statistics and identify any problems and bias.
Objectives:
To be competent in this area, the individual must be able to:
- Represent and interpret data using technology
- Understand how the method of data collection can affect results
- Understand the role of probability in society
Learning Goals
- Model, represent, compare, interpolate, extrapolate, and draw conclusions about data presented in various forms
- Analyze, identify, critique, and explain the relationship between method of data collection and results
- Understand the relationship between probabilistic data, conclusions and decision making both broadly and personally
In this section you will learn about data representation using graphs, data collection, interpreting data and decision making and probability. You will be shown examples and then given opportunities to practice your skills.
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Chapter Contents:
- Introduction
- Topic 1: Data Representation Using Graphs
- Topic 2: Data Collection
- Topic 3: Interpreting Data and Decision Making
- Topic 4: Probability
- Test: Outcome 4
Introduction
You are probably asking yourself the question, “When and where will I use statistics?”. If you read any newspaper or watch television, or use the Internet, you will see statistical information. There are statistics about crime, sports, education, politics, and real estate. Typically, when you read a newspaper article or watch a news program on television, you are given sample information. With this information, you may make a decision about the correctness of a statement, claim, or “fact.” Statistical methods can help you make the “best educated guess.”
Since you will undoubtedly be given statistical information at some point in your life, you need to know some techniques to analyze the information thoughtfully. Think about buying a house or managing a budget. Think about your chosen profession. The fields of economics, business, psychology, education, biology, law, computer science, police science, and early childhood development require at least one course in statistics.
Included in this chapter are the basic ideas and words of probability and statistics. You will soon understand that statistics and probability work together. You will also learn h