14 Muscular System
Topic: Muscular System
Text Reference: Chapter 14. Muscular System
Objectives: Students should be able to…
Identify meanings of key word components of the muscular system
Prefixes
a- (absence of, without)
ab- (away from)
ad- (towards)
dys- (painful, difficult, abnormal, labored)
hyper- (above, excessive)
inter- (between)
intra- (within, in)
poly- (many, much)
sub- (below, under)
supra- (above)
sym- (together, joined)
syn- (together, joined)
Combining Forms
ankyl/o (stiff or bent)
fasci/o fascia (forms sheaths enveloping muscles)
fibr/o (fibrous connective tissue)
kinesi/o (movement, motion)
kyph/o (hump)
lamin/o lamina (thin, flat plate or layer)
leimy/o (smooth [viseral] muscle that lines the walls of internal organs)
my/o (muscle)
myocardi/o (heart muscle)
myos/o (muscle)
plant/o (sole of the foot)
rhabdomy/o (skeletal [striated] muscle connected to bones)
sarc/o (flesh, connective tissue)
ten/o (tendon)
tendin/o (tendon)
tend/o (tendon)
Suffixes
-al (pertaining to)
-algia (pain)
-ar (pertaining to)
-asthenia (weakness)
-centesis (surgical puncture to aspirate fluid)
-desis (surgical fixation, fusion)
-ectomy (excision, surgical removal, cutting out)
-gram (the record, radiographic image)
-graphy (process of recording, radiographic imaging)
-ic (pertaining to)
-itis (inflammation)
-lysis (loosening, separating, dissolution)
-oid (resembling)
-oma (tumor)
-osis (abnormal condition)
-penia (abnormal reduction)
-physis (growth)
-plasty (surgical repair)
-rrhaphy (suturing, repairing)
-sarcoma (malignant tumor)
-schisis (split, fissure)
-scopy (process of viewing, visual examination)
-tome (instrument used to cut)
-tomy (incision, cut into)
-trophy (nourishment, development)
Apply the rules of medical language to pronounce, break into word parts, and define the following terms.
Label each word part by using the following abbreviations:
P = Prefix
WR = Word Root
CV = Combining Vowel
S = Suffix
CF = Combining Form
Example: osteoarthropathy (ä-stē-ō-är-THROP-ă-thē) – disease of bone and joint
WR CV WR CV S
oste / o / arthr / o /pathy
CF CF
Practice pronouncing and defining these commonly abbreviated muscular terms.
ACL (anterior cruciate ligament)
AROM (active range of motion)
BKA (below knee amputation)
BMD (bone mineral density)
Ca (Calcium)
CK (creatine kinase)
CTS (carpal tunnel syndrome)
DC (Doctor of Chiropractic)
DEXA or DXA (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry)
DO (Doctor of Osteopathy)
EMG (Electromyogram)
ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate)
IM (intramuscular)
MD (Muscular Dystrophy)
MG (myasthenia gravis)
NSAID (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, pronounced en-said)
OA (osteoarthritis)
Ortho (orthopedics)
OT (occupational therapist)
P (pulse)
PT (physical therapist)
RA (rheumatoid arthritis)
ROM (range of motion)
THR (total hip replacement)
TKR (total knee replacement)
TMJ (temporomandibular joint)
Sort the terms from the word lists above into the following categories.
- Disease and Disorder (terms describing any deviatio