5.2 Active Learning from Lectures
The learning of information and skills presented in class lectures or discussions should be viewed as a process: preparation to take in the new information, the act of taking in the new information, and then reviewing the information so that it is later accessible (recalled from memory) to use for a project, paper, or test.
The activities suggested for “Before Class” in Table 5-2 help students develop a mental framework into which this new information can be “filed” or organized which aids information recall (Bower, Clark, Lesgold, & Winzenz, 1969). It also makes note taking easier because you are familiar with the material and feel less panicked about getting everything noted in full detail.
Attending class and taking the notes is important primarily because the professor may be presenting information that is not presented in the text. It should also be seen as a structured opportunity to engage with the material that will further aid recall when needed. Oftentimes, students can also get clues as to what a professor perceives as important material from attending class that will aid in test preparation.
| Before Class | During Class | After Class |
| Complete assigned readings to prepare for class. Take notes or mark your text for easy reference. | Take notes. Active engagement with the material (like writing down what you are hearing) helps improve memory and concentration and material to later review. Have a positive mindset about taking notes – for example, you are writing down answers to questions on the test. | Review your notes and handouts within 24 hours of taking them. Fill in details that you remember but did not have time to write down. Write questions for the notes that you can use for self-testing later. Write a summary of the day’s notes. |
| Prepare questions that you may have about the reading. | Put a date on your note paper. It helps to also include the text chapter or general topic that might be related to these notes as well. | Compare your notes with a reliable classmate who may help give you ideas on what you missed that might be important or how to better organize the information. Discuss the notes to add another layer of processing. |
| Review notes from the previous class period to get a sense of where you may have left off. | Use active listening techniques. Refer to the informational box called “Ten Tips for Active Listening” for more information. | Follow up on questions that you have written down with your professor, the teaching assistant, or another reliable classmate. |
| Be sure you have your materials ready for class: text, three-ring notebook with paper, writing utensils, highlighters, charged laptop, etc. | Have your textbook accessible in case your faculty member refers to specific information. Write down that reference in your notes as it is probably important information. | Integrate your class notes with your text notes or markings. If you highlighted in your book, add some