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Introduction
Chapter 1 - Cells Origins and Diversity
1.1 Some Unifying Principles
1.2 Prokaryotic Cells and Evolution
1.3 Eukaryotic Cells and Evolution
1.4 Evolution of Multicellularity
Chapter 1 Summary
Chapter 2 - Studying Cells
2.1 Microscopy and Cell Biology
2.2 Biochemistry and Cell Biology
2.3 Genetics and Cell Biology
Chapter 2 Summary
Chapter 3 - Biological Macromolecules
3.1 Macromolecule Synthesis
3.2 Carbohydrates
3.3 Lipids
3.4 Proteins
3.5 Nucleic Acids
Chapter 3 Summary
Chapter - 4 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
4.1 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Overview
4.2 Storing and Transmitting Information
4.3 The Endomembrane System
4.4 Metabolic Organelles
4.5 The Cytoskeleton
4.6 Extracellular Structures and Cell-Cell Connections
Chapter 4 Summary
Chapter 5 - Membrane Structure and Function
5.1 Membrane Components and Structure
5.2 Selective Permeability and Solute Gradients
5.3 Passive Transmembrane Transport
5.4 Active Transmembrane Transport
5.5 Vesicular Transport Across Membranes
5.6 Signalling Across the Plasma Membrane
Chapter 5 Summary
Chapter 6 - Metabolism
6.1 Energy and Energy Transformations
6.2 Metabolism: Transformations of Energy and Matter
6.3 Energy Coupling in Metabolism: ATP and Electron Carriers
6.4 Enzymes and Regulation of Metabolism
Chapter 6 Summary
Chapter 7 - Stress and Stress Tolerance
7.1 What is Stress?
7.2 Stress Tolerance Overview
7.3 Strategies and Mechanisms of Stress Tolerance
Chapter 7 Summary
Chapter 8 - Osmotic Stress
8.1 Challenges Associated with Osmotic Stress
8.2 Sensing Osmotic Stress/Shock
8.3 Strategies and Mechanisms for Osmotic Stress Tolerance
Chapter 8 Summary
Chapter 9 - Hypoxia and Anoxia Stress
9.1 Challenges Associated with Oxygen Limitation
9.2 Sensing Hypoxic and Anoxic Conditions
9.3 Strategies and Mechanisms of Hypoxia and Anoxia Tolerance
Chapter 9 Summary
Chapter 10 - Oxidative Stress
10.1 Challenges Associated with Oxidative Stress
10.2 Sensing Oxidative Stress
10.3 Strategies and Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress Tolerance
Chapter 10 Summary
Chapter 11 - Energy Stress
11.1 Challenges Associated with Energy Stress
11.2 Sensing Energy Imbalances
11.3 Strategies & Mechanisms of Energy Stress Tolerance
Chapter 11 Summary
Chapter 12 - Temperature Stress
12.1 Challenges Associated with Temperature Stress
12.2 Sensing Temperature Stress
12.3 Strategies and Mechanisms of Temperature Stress Tolerance
Chapter 12 Summary
Chapter 13 - Freezing Stress [in progress]
13.1 The Processes and Challenges of Freezing and Thawing [in progress]
13.2 Low Temperature Stress [in progress]
13.3 Mechanical Stress [in progress]
13.4 Osmotic Stress [in progress]
13.5 Hypoxia Stress [in progress]
Chapter 13 Summary
Chapter 14 Recovering from Stress [in progress]
14.1 Overview of Recovery from Cellular Stress [in progress]
14.2 Repair of Damaged Macromolecules [in progress]