UNIT 1 第一单元
1. 四合院的常识
AUTHENTIC MATERIALS
四合院是我国古老传统的文化象征
“四”指东、西、南、北四面
“合”是四面房屋围在一起
形成一个’口’字形
[2]
四合院至少有三千多年的历史
是汉族的一种传统合院式建筑
一个院子的四边建有房屋
庭院则在中间
所以叫做四合院老北京的四合院
一般的胡同坐北朝南
大门位于东南方
也就是“风”位
是八卦中的巽位
有“紫气东来”的寓意
可以让温暖的东南风吹进来
象征吉祥平安
四合院中间是宽敞的庭院
是四合院的中心
也是人们休息聊天劳动的地方
[3]
“口”字形的称为一进院
“日”字形的称为二进院
“目”字形的称为三进院
[4]
四合院的常识 词汇表 Vocabulary
| Vocabulary | Pinyin | English Meaning |
| 常识 | cháng shí | common sense, general knowledge |
| 四合院 | sì hé yuàn | courtyard house (a type of traditional Chinese residence in quadrangular style) |
| 象征 | xiàng zhēng | to symbolize; to emblem |
| 合院式建筑 | hé yuàn shì jiàn zhù | quadrangle building (architecture term-rectangular space enclosed by buildings) |
| 庭院 | tíng yuàn | courtyard |
| 胡同 | hú tòng | narrow street or alley (commonly associated with northern Chinese cities, especially Beijing) |
| 坐北朝南 | zuò běi cháo nán | (a construction) situated on the north, facing the south |
| 八卦 | bā guà | Eight Trigrams (Bagua) (The Eight Trigrams are widely used in the practical applications of the Chinese art of geomancy, Feng Shui. The Bagua is a primary aspect of the theory of Feng Shui) |
| 紫气东来 | zǐ qì dōng lái | The purple air (a propitious omen in Chinese culture) comes from the East |
| 寓意 | yù yì | implied meaning, implication |
| 吉祥平安 | jí xiáng píng ān | auspicious and safe |
| 宽敞 | kuān chǎng | spacious |
| 劳动 | láo dòng | work, manual labor |
| 称为 | chēng wéi | be known as; be called as |
| 进（量词） | jìn | measure word for the number of yard(s) in a Chinese courtyard house |
Grammar Structures
- 象征 v. to symbolize, to emblem
structure 1: A (sth. concrete)是B (abstract concept)的象征
e.g. 四合院是中国传统建筑文化的象征。
structure 2: A象征B
e.g. 四合院象征中国传统建筑文化。 - 坐……朝…… adj. phrase sitting +(direction), facing +(direction)
e.g. 坐北朝南
四合院一般坐北朝南。 - 有……的寓意 v. phrase to have an implied meaning of ……
e.g. 风从东南方吹来有紫气东来的寓意。 - ……称为…… v. to be known as
e.g. “口”字形的四合院称为“一进院”。
CORE-TASKS
Core-task 1 我了解四合院的特点吗？
讨论Pre-Task 四合院的建筑特点
四合院是中国传统文化的象征
Core-task 2 四合院跟公寓有什么不同？
Instructions: complete the table with keywords or phrases. Don’t need to type complete sentences. Get ready to use key structures and organizational devices to present your ideas in class.
Key questions: 中国传统的四合院跟公寓有什么不同（差别=差异)?
| 比较 | 四合院 | 公寓 |
| 方向（东西南北） | ||
| 面积（大小） | ||
| 房间数（多少） | ||
| 庭院大小与位置 | ||
| 房间位置与家庭成员地位的关系 | ||
| 建筑特色（庭院，回廊，圆形拱门，隐秘性，大门的设计等） | ||
| 其他 |
Organizational devices
首先，其次/再则，除此之外，最后，总而言之
Comparison devices
- A跟B (不 )一样（一样=不同 or一样=相同）
- A没有B那么 adjective； A不如B adjective
- 拿A跟B比较/相比； 拿……来说
- 相比之下, a complete sentence
The phrase相比之下(by contract) should be followed by a complete sentence.
- 在……方面, A 跟 B有(很大的)差异/差别
POST-TASK
Please handwrite the characters that are highlighted in yellow at least 5 times. 每个汉字至少写5次
TOPIC: 介绍四合院并写出三点与公寓的差异（=差别）
Use the above characters highlighted in yellow and the following grammatical structures to handwrite a short self-composed essay at a minimum of 120 characters.
1. 象征 to symbolize, to emblem
structure 1: A (sth. concrete)是B (abstract