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Learning Objectives
- Develop a foundational understanding of key philosophical movements, thinkers, and texts throughout history, including but not limited to ancient Greek philosophy, medieval philosophy, modern philosophy, and contemporary philosophical developments.
- Develop the ability to articulate and critically evaluate fundamental philosophical questions concerning topics such as ethics, metaphysics, epistemology, and the nature of reality, demonstrating an appreciation for the diversity of philosophical perspectives.
The Value of Philosophy
Introduction: What Is Philosophy
The word “philosophy” has its roots in ancient Greek, derived from the combination of two ancient Greek words: philos (φίλος) and sophia (σοφία). Noting that philosophy in a modern context is a global conversation, not just a Western one, understanding the meanings of these individual words in the ancient Greek language can help shed light on the origin and essence of the term as it comes to us. This can also help us find our own words to express what philosophy means in our current moment.
Philos and sophia, simply translated, mean “love” and “wisdom,” respectively. So philosophy, loosely, is “the love of wisdom,” and the story of philosophy, in a way, is a love story—but what kind of love story? Why is it a love story rather than some other kind of story? Why is it not an adventure, or a comedy, or a tragedy? Perhaps if we look a little closer, we might find some insight that will help us understand.
The ancient Greek people had three different words for love. In the ancient Greek language, three distinct words were used to describe different forms of love: philos, eros, and agape. Each of these terms captured a unique aspect of love and carried its own significance in Greek philosophical and cultural contexts.
Philos means loving friendship. It represents the love between friends. It embodies a deep bond rooted in mutual affection, trust, and companionship. Philos love is characterized by loyalty, shared experiences, and a sense of camaraderie. It reflects the idea of reciprocal goodwill, where individuals genuinely care for and support one another. Philos love emphasizes the importance of friendship, community, and the interpersonal relationships that enrich our lives.
Eros (ἔρως) signifies passionate or romantic love. It encompasses desire, longing, and intense emotional connection. While Eros is often associated with the physical and sensual aspects of love, its meaning goes beyond mere physical attraction. It represents the profound yearning for union and the pursuit of beauty, in both a romantic and an aesthetic sense. Eros love encompasses the exhilaration and intensity that can arise from the pursuit of romantic relationships and the exploration of physical and emotional intimacy.
Agape (ἀγάπη) is a selfless, unconditional, and compassionate love. It is dutiful love, necessary love. It is the love of home, family, nature, and community. It transcends pers