Module 30: Upper Extremity II – Bones and Joints | Pectoral Girdle and Arm
Module 30: Upper Extremity II – Bones and Joints | Pectoral Girdle and Arm
Learning Objectives:
By the end of this class, students will be able to:
- List the bones of the pectoral girdle, arm, forearm, wrist, and hand.
- Establish relationships between bony landmarks and attachments of muscles/tendons or neurovascular structures in the upper extremities.
- Identify the joints and types of joints in the upper extremity and infer how muscle actions will create movement about the joint.
- Explain how the bones articulate with each other and with the axial skeleton.
- Review the innervation of muscles of the pectoral region and arm.
- Review the bones of the pectoral girdle and arm
- Relate bony landmarks of the scapula and humerus to attachment sites for muscles/tendons/ligaments or where neurovascular structures travel on or around
- List the muscles of the pectoral girdle and arm, describe their action(s), origins, insertions, innervations, and arterial supply.
- Describe how muscle actions will create movement about the scapulothoracic and glenohumeral joint
Terms to Know
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Bones
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Joints
Muscles
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Bones of the upper extremity
*NOTE – All bones and bony markings will be presented in this section of the reader, but each will be reviewed as they relate to each module.
The table below highlights the bones of the upper extremity, the bony landmarks, and their associated anatomical structures.
| Bone | Bony Landmark | Associated Structures |
| Clavicle | Acromial end | Articulates with the acromion process of the scapula |
| Sternal end | Articulates with the sternum | |
| Scapula | Glenoid fossa | Articulates with the head of the humerus |
| Coracoid process | Attachment site for the coracobrachialis, short head of the biceps brachii, & pectoralis minor muscles & coracoclavicular ligament | |
| Acromion process | Articulates with the clavicle, attachment for the middle part of the deltoid | |
| Scapular spine | Separates the supraspinous and infraspinous fossa, attachment for the deltoid and trapezius muscles | |
| Medial border | Attachment for the levator scapulae, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, & serratus anterior (anterior portion of the medial border) | |
| Lateral border | Attachment for teres minor | |
| Superior border | No attachments | |
| Inferior angle | Attachment site for the teres major muscle | |
| Superior angle | Attachment for the levator scapulae | |
| Subscapular fossa | Fossa on the anterior scapula that holds the subscapularis muscle | |
| Supraspinous fossa | Fossa on the posterior surface that holds the supraspinatus | |
| Infraspinous fossa | Fossa on the posterior surface that holds the infraspinatus | |
| Supraglenoid tubercle | Attachment for the long head of the biceps brachii | |
| Infraglenoid tubercle | Attachment for the long head of the triceps | |
| Suprascapular notch | Passageway for the suprascapular nerve | |
| Humerus | Head | Articulates with the glenoid fossa of the scapula |
| Anatomical neck | Just dista