1.14. Victims and Victim Typologies
Shanell Sanchez
It was not until 1660 that the word victim was first used in the sense of a person who is hurt, tortured, or killed by another. A victim of crime did not exist until well into the 17th century. Why were victims ignored for so long? [1] A victim is an integral part of the system some say without a victim there would be no need for the CJ system. Victims are the people or communities that suffer physical, emotional, or financial harm as a result of a crime. Over the years different typologies of victims have been created to demonstrate the unique role or position of victims of crime. Typically, when people hear someone has been a victim of a crime we often think of them as completely innocent. A lot of new legislation and policy changes created to provide the victim with a greater role in the CJ offer the stereotypical view of the victim as completely innocent. [2]
Typologies of Crime Victims
Theorists have developed victim typologies that are concerned primarily with the situational and personal characteristics of victims and the relationship between victims and offenders. Benjamin Mendelsohn was one of the first criminologists to create a victim typology, in the 1950s, but was not without controversy. Below is a table of Mendelsohn’s typology of crime victims and as you can see he placed a lot of emphasis on most victims’ attitudes that lead to their victimization. [3]
Mendelsohn’s Typology of Crime Victims
| Innocent victim | Someone who did not contribute to the victimization and is in the wrong place at the wrong time. This is the victim we most often envision when thinking about enhancing victim rights. |
| The victim with minor guilt | Does not actively participate in their victimization but contribute to some minor degree, such as frequenting high-crime areas. This would be a person who continues to go to a bar that is known for nightly assault. |
| The guilty victim, guilty offender | The victim and offender may have engaged in criminal activity together. This would be two people attempting to steal a car, rob a store, sell drugs, etc. |
| The guilty offender, guiltier victim | The victim may have been the primary attacker, but the offender won the fight. |
| Guilty victim | The victim instigated a conflict but was killed in self-defense. An example would be an abused woman killing her partner while he is abusing her. |
| Imaginary victim | Some people pretend to be victims and are not. This would be someone falsifying reports. |
Other criminologists developed similar typologies but included other elements. For example, Hans Von Hentig expanded his typology from situational factors that Mendelsohn looked at and considered the role of biological, sociological, and psychological factors. For example, Von Henting said the young, elderly, and women are more susceptible to victimization because of things such as physical vulnerabilities. It is important to recognize that some crimes, and ultim