Health and Medicine
104 Rheumatoid Arthritis and its Treatments
Taylor Nutzman and Lucas Miller
Introduction
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder where your immune system attacks your body’s tissues and creates chronic inflammation. This affects the lining of your joints, causing swelling that erodes the bone (Mayo Foundation, 2023). Scientists estimate that about 1.5 million people, or about 0.6% of the US adult population, have rheumatoid arthritis. This autoimmune disease can occur in all races, ethnic groups and sexes. However, it is more likely to occur in women than in men (NIH, 2016). Rheumatoid arthritis most commonly occurs between the ages of 30 and 60. If it develops between the ages of 16 and 40, it is considered young-onset rheumatoid arthritis. On the other hand, if people develop symptoms after 60, it is considered later-onset rheumatoid arthritis (Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), 2024). The most common signs and symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis are tender or swollen joints, joint stiffness, fatigue, fever and loss of appetite. It can be found in the fingers, hands, wrists, knees, ankles, feet and toes (Mayo Foundation, 2023). In addition to affecting your joints, it can also affect your skin, eyes, mouth, lungs and heart. RA is typically diagnosed through physical exams, blood tests, image tests, and more (Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), 2024). This chapter discusses rheumatoid arthritis in detail, emphasizing the need for early diagnosis and a comprehensive treatment plan that incorporates pharmacological intervention, lifestyle modifications, and therapies, all of which aim to improve patient quality of life.
Connection to STS
The topic of rheumatoid arthritis connects to science and technology because scientific research plays a crucial role in developing new treatment options and improving patient outcomes. Advances in understanding the underlying mechanisms of the disease have led to the creation of targeted biologic therapies that can better manage symptoms and slow disease progression. Ongoing studies continue to explore potential treatments, offering hope for more effective and personalized care in the future. This is connected to society because improved treatment options can significantly enhance the quality of life for individuals living with rheumatoid arthritis. As patients experience fewer symptoms and more manageable disease progression, they are able to maintain their independence and productivity, which can reduce healthcare costs and lessen the economic burden on families and communities. Additionally, these advancements contribute to increased awareness and understanding of the condition, fostering a more supportive and inclusive society.
Rheumatoid arthritis research also demonstrates the important role that government and institutional support play in developing treatment strategies and disseminating public health information. Agencies like the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseas