Chapter 2 – Key Terms
amphiarthrosis slightly mobile joint
articular capsule connective tissue structure that encloses the joint cavity of a synovial joint
articular cartilage thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the articulating surfaces of bones at a synovial joint
articular disc meniscus; a fibrocartilage structure found between the bones of some synovial joints; provides padding or smooths movements between the bones; strongly unites the bones together
articulation joint of the body
ball-and-socket joint synovial joint formed between the spherical end of one bone (the ball) that fits into the depression of a second bone (the socket); found at the hip and shoulder joints; functionally classified as a multiaxial joint
biaxial joint type of diarthrosis; a joint that allows for movements within two planes (two axes)
bone hard, dense connective tissue that forms the structural elements of the skeleton
bursa connective tissue sac containing lubricating fluid that prevents friction between adjacent structures, such as skin and bone, tendons and bone, or between muscles
cartilaginous joint joint at which the bones are united by hyaline cartilage (synchondrosis) or fibrocartilage (symphysis)
central canal longitudinal channel in the center of each osteon; contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels; also known as the Haversian canal
compact bone dense osseous tissue that can withstand compressive forces
condyloid joint synovial joint in which the shallow depression at the end of one bone receives a rounded end from a second bone or a rounded structure formed by two bones; found at the metacarpophalangeal joints of the fingers or the radiocarpal joint of the wrist; functionally classified as a biaxial joint
diaphysis tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of a long bone
diarthrosis freely mobile joint
endochondral ossification process in which bone forms by replacing hyaline cartilage
endosteum delicate membranous lining of a bone’s medullary cavity
epiphyseal line completely ossified remnant of the epiphyseal plate
epiphyseal plate (also, growth plate) sheet of hyaline cartilage in the metaphysis of an immature bone; replaced by bone tissue as the organ grows in length
epiphysis wide section at each end of a long bone; filled with spongy bone and red marrow
extrinsic ligament ligament located outside of the articular capsule of a synovial joint
fibrous joint joint where the articulating areas of the adjacent bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue
flat bone thin and curved bone; serves as a point of attachment for muscles and protects internal organs
gomphosis type of fibrous joint in which the root of a tooth is anchored into its bony jaw socket by strong periodontal ligaments
hematopoiesis production of blood cells, which occurs in the red marrow of the bones
hinge joint synovial joint at which the convex surface of one bone articulates with the concave surface of a second bone; includes the elbow, kne