Chapter 1 Wrap-Up
Concept Check
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Section Resources
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1.1 Introduction to Statistics and Key Terms
1.3 Data Collection and Observational Studies
Key Terms
Try to define the terms below on your own. Check your response by clicking on the term, or looking at the end-of-book glossary!
1.1 Introduction to Statistics and Key Terms
- Data analysis process
- Descriptive statistics
- Inferential statistics
- Probability
- Population
- Parameters
- Sample
- Statistic
- Individuals
- Variable
- Values
- Data
1.2 Data Basics
- Qualitative (categorical)
- Quantitative (numerical)
- Discrete
- Continuous
- Nominal scale
- Ordinal scale
- Interval scale
- Ratio scale
- Variation
- Data analysis
1.3 Data Collection and Observational Studies
- Explanatory variable
- Response variable
- Anecdotal evidence
- Observational studies
- Designed (controlled) experiments
- Associations
- Confounding (lurking, conditional) variable
- Prospective study
- Retrospective study
- Cohort study
- Longitudinal study
- Cross-sectional study
- Case-control study
1.4 Designed Experiments
- Treatments
- Experimental unit
- Repeated measures
- Control group
- Placebo
- Blinding
- Double-blind
- Factors
- Levels
- Treatment combinations (interactions)
- Completely randomized
- Block design
- Matched pairs design
1.5 Sampling Techniques and Ethics
- Simple random sample (SRS)
- Stratified sampling
- Cluster sampling
- Systematic sampling
- Sampling bias
- Sampling variability
- Convenience sampling
Extra Practice
Extra practice problems are available at the end of the book (Chapter 1 Extra Practice).
Process of collecting, organizing, and analyzing data
Methods of organizing, summarizing, and presenting data
The facet of statistics dealing with using a sample to generalize (or infer) about the population
The study of randomness; a number between zero and one, inclusive, that gives the likelihood that a specific event will occur
The whole group of individuals who can be studied to answer a research question
A number that is used to represent a population characteristic and can only be calculated as the result of a census
A subset of the population studied
A number calculated from a sample
The person, animal, item, place, etc. about which we collect information
A characteristic of interest for each person or object in a population
Possible observations of the variable
Actual values (numbers or words) that are collected from the variables of interest
Data that describes qualities or puts individuals into categories; also known as categorical data
Numerical data with a mathematical context
A random variable that takes on a countable amount of values
A random variable (RV) whose outcomes are measured as an uncountable, i