Review Questions
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. Which of the following specialties might focus on studying all of the structures of the ankle and foot?
a. microscopic anatomy
b. muscle anatomy
c. regional anatomy
d. systemic anatomy
2. A scientist wants to study how the body uses foods and fluids during a marathon run. This scientist is most likely a(n) ________.
a. exercise physiologist
b. microscopic anatomist
c. regional physiologist
d. systemic anatomist
3. The smallest independently functioning biological unit of an organism is a(n) ________.
a. cell
b. molecule
c. organ
d. tissue
4. A collection of similar tissues that performs a specific function is an ________.
a. organ
b. organelle
c. organism
d. organ system
5. The body system responsible for structural support and movement is the ________.
a. cardiovascular system
b. endocrine system
c. muscular system
d. skeletal system
6. Metabolism can be defined as the ________.
a. adjustment by an organism to external or internal changes
b. process whereby all unspecialized cells become specialized to perform distinct functions
c. process whereby new cells are formed to replace worn-out cells
d. sum of all chemical reactions in an organism
7. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an important molecule because it ________.
a. is the result of catabolism
b. release energy in uncontrolled bursts
c. stores energy for use by body cells
d. All of the above
8. Cancer cells can be characterized as “generic” cells that perform no specialized body function. Thus cancer cells lack ________.
a. differentiation
b. reproduction
c. responsiveness
d. both reproduction and responsiveness
9. Humans have the most urgent need for a continuous supply of ________.
a. food
b. nitrogen
c. oxygen
d. water
10. Which of the following statements about nutrients is true?
a. All classes of nutrients are essential to human survival.
b. Because the body cannot store any micronutrients, they need to be consumed nearly every day.
c. Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are micronutrients.
d. Macronutrients are vitamins and minerals.
11. C.J. is stuck in their car during a bitterly cold blizzard. Their body responds to the cold by ________.
a. increasing the blood to the hands and feet
b. becoming lethargic to conserve heat
c. breaking down stored energy
d. significantly increasing blood oxygen levels
12. They relay this information to ________.
a. a control center
b. a set point
c. effectors
d. sensors
13. Stimulation of the heat-loss center causes ________.
a. blood vessels in the skin to constrict
b. breathing to become slow and shallow
c. sweat glands to increase their output
d. All of the above
14. Which of the following is an example of a normal physiologic process that uses a positive feedback loop?
a. blood pressure regulation
b. childbirth
c. regulation of fluid balance
d. temperature regulation
15. What is the position of the body when it is in the “normal anatomical position?”
a. The person is prone with upper limbs, including palms, tou