7 Chapter 7: Behaviorism
The focus of this chapter is Behaviorism. This educational philosophy is based on the belief that human behavior can be explained based on response to external stimuli. When translated into a classroom setting, Behaviorists believe that the best educational environment can be obtained when student behavior is shaped by arranging specific conditions for learning.
To better understand Behaviorism, this chapter will provide an overview of the key characteristics of Behaviorism. Information related to how this philosophy of education is reflected in the curriculum and its instructional methods will also be presented. Within this presentation, a discussion of the role of the teacher and role of the learner will be discussed. Finally, key proponents of Behaviorism and their contributions to this philosophy of education will be presented.
Characteristics of Behaviorism
7.1 Essential Questions
By the end of this section, the following Essential Questions will be answered:
- What are the philosophical foundations of Behaviorism?
- What are some of the educational implications of Behaviorism?
- What are some examples of Behaviorism in the classroom?
When you hear the term “Behaviorism,” what comes to mind? For many people, the first thing that comes to mind is shaping behavior in response to a specific stimuli. In the classroom, Behaviorism is often linked to “rewards” or positive reinforcement.
According to Zirpoli (2005), the basic principles or philosophical foundations of behaviorism are as follows:
- Most behaviors are learned.
- Most behaviors are stimulus specific.
- Most behaviors can be taught, changed, or modified.
- Behavior change goals should be specific and clearly defined.
- Behavior change programs should be individualized.
- Behavior change programs should focus on the here and now.
- Behavior change programs should focus on the child’s environment (p. 13).
As demonstrated by these philosophical foundations, Behaviorism is focused on the study of observable behaviors.
7.2 A Closer Look
For a brief overview of the foundations of Behaviorism and its current impact on educational practices, please watch the attached “Behaviorism” video. While watching the video, think about the Questions to Consider to enhance your understanding of the video.
- How was behaviorism a change from other theoretical perspectives?
- Who were two key researchers in behaviorism and what specifically did they contribute?
- What is the application of Behaviorist instruction in the classroom referred to?
- What are some examples of direct instruction in the classroom?
- In a classroom using behaviorism, is instruction student-centered or teacher-centered? Why?
Curriculum
7.3 Learning Objectives
By the end of this section, the following Essential Questions will be answered:
- What is the focus of the curriculum in a Behaviorist classroom?
- What are the key elements of the curriculum in a Behavioristic approach to instruction?
- Do you think the