2 Reading Guide
READING GUIDE
- Develop a list of key anatomical structures in the oral and pharyngeal cavity that are related to swallowing. Include a brief description of the role that each structure plays in the healthy swallow. Practice drawing the key structures.
- Develop a list of muscles important to swallowing. Indicate their (a) origin and insertion, (b) innervation, and (c) role in swallowing.
- Describe the changes in anatomy across the lifespan. How is infant anatomy different from adult anatomy? What is the impact of advanced age on anatomy?
- Briefly describe how oral saliva is produced and why this is important in swallowing.
- Describe how taste information is coded, interpreted, and received.
- Describe and compare infant signs of feeding readiness versus distress (not ready). What cues may cause you to stop feeding?
- Define infant oral reflexes important for swallowing. Include stimulus and response for each reflex. How does each reflex support feeding and swallowing in healthy infanta?
- Discuss the interaction of respiration and swallowing. Include the phases of respiration.
- Describe nutritive versus non-nutritive suck. Indicate the uses of each.
- List events of oropharyngeal swallowing. Cluster them into an organized framework. Describe your framework. Indicate how the swallow events may change as a function of age.
- Describe the activity of the velum throughout the swallow.
- Describe the opening and closing of the UES throughout the swallow.
- Describe aspects of airway protection before, during, and after the swallow.
- List cranial nerves important for swallowing and indicate the role each one plays in the process.
- Describe the swallow pattern generator.