1 Introduction Paul Boyd One of the requirements in attempts to establish ‘causality’ is that there exists concomitant variation between the Independent (or ‘influencing’) variable and the Dependent (or ‘influenced’) variable.1 What that means is that we need to test statistically to determine if we can conclude that when the Independent variable changes there is also a (subsequent) change in the dependent variable. And, just as important, just because it looks to be true in our sample data, can
| Category | mathematics |
|---|---|
| Subject | Research methods: general, Social research and statistics |
| Year | 2023 |
| Authors | |
| Chapters | 4 |
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| License | Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ |