3 Trunk Wall (Part 2) | Heart | Great Vessels | Respiratory System | Thoracic Ra
3 Trunk Wall (Part 2) | Heart | Great Vessels | Respiratory System | Thoracic Radiology
Learning Objectives:
By the end of this lab, students will:
- Identify the muscles of the thoracic cage involved in respiration and describe their functions.
- Identify the components of the respiratory system, including the trachea, bronchi, and lungs.
- Identify the great vessels transporting blood to and from the heart and outline the pattern of blood through the heart and lungs.
- Identify the internal and external anatomical features of the heart.
- Identify the valves of the heart and understand how valves regulate blood flow through the heart.
- Identify and describe the location and branches of the coronary blood vessels.
- Identify structures of the thoracic cavity using various imaging modalities including X-Ray, CT, and Echo.
Terms to Know
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Muscles of Respiration
Respiratory System Structures
Great Vessels
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Heart Anatomy
Coronary Circulation
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Introduction
In this lab, you will examine the muscles of respiration, lungs, heart, and roots of the great vessels. The lungs function for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood. Our muscles of respiration allow us to inhale and exhale by expanding and diminishing the space in our thoracic cavity and, in turn, our lungs. The heart pumps blood throughout our body, carrying oxygen and nutrients to our tissues, carrying waste products away from our tissues, and much more.
Lab Activities
Activity 1: Muscles of Respiration:
Watch the videos in Canvas using the digital atlas and view the images in the Abrahams‘ and Netter’s atlases to explore the muscles of respiration.
- Identify the following muscles of respiration (superficial to deep). The angle (orientation) of the fibers can help you understand how they work to elevate or depress the ribs (except the diaphragm).
- External intercostals: Elevate ribs with passive inhalation
- Internal intercostals: Depress the ribs with forced exhalation
- Serratus posterior superior: Elevate the ribs with forced inhalation
- Serratus posterior inferior: Depress the ribs with forced exhalation
- Diaphragm: Expands and increases the vertical dimension of the thoracic cavity, Increases pressure in the abdominopelvic cavity
Activity 2: Heart Tissue
Watch the videos on Canvas exploring the anatomy of the heart. The wet organs were all cut at autopsy to allow the pathologists to search for disease in the tissues. Smaller cuts sequentially along the outside surface of the heart were made to investigate the condition of the coronary arteries. The coronary arteries are usually surrounded by adipose tissue. The typical human heart weighs between 200-375g. You can also explore the anatomy of the heart in the Abrahams‘ and Netter’s atlases (Netter’s starts on page 4 and continues to page 5).
- Observe the external features of the heart. In the region of the atria, notice a pouch-like structure. This is called the auricle, and there is one present on