Chapter 11 Key Terms and Assessments
Key Terms
al-Qaeda an Islamic terrorist organization financed and led by militant Saudi Arabian national Osama bin Laden and responsible for the September 11 attacks on the United States in 2001
bulletin board system (BBS) pre-internet computer networks that consisted of personal computers connected with each other via modems and phone lines
climate change broad changes in temperature, weather, storm activity, wind patterns, sea levels, and other influences on the planet
European Union (EU) a single-market zone created in 1993 to allow the free movement of goods, services, money, and people among European member states
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) a 1947 trade agreement among twenty-three countries to reinforce postwar economic recovery, later replaced by the World Trade Organization (WTO)
global warming the general rise in Earth’s temperature that scientists have observed over approximately the past two hundred years
globalization the interconnectedness of societies and economies throughout the world as a result of trade, technology, and adoption and sharing of various aspects of culture
green parties political parties organized around environmental concerns
Islamic State a fundamentalist and militant Islamic group that grew in power and waged a war in Iraq and Syria following the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003
multinational corporation a corporate business entity that controls the production of goods and services in multiple countries
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) a 1992 trade agreement between the United States, Canada, and Mexico to reduce trade barriers and allow goods to flow freely
offshoring the process of moving some of a company’s operations overseas to access cheaper labor markets
outsourcing the process of hiring outside contractors, sometimes abroad, to perform tasks a company once performed internally
Paris Agreement a 2015 treaty among members of the United Nations to limit global warming to less than 2°C (3.6°F) above levels from the time of industrialization
resource curse the problem that makes resource-rich developing countries prone to authoritarianism, high rates of conflict, and low rates of economic growth
ultranationalist movements organizations that support an extreme form of nationalism and often seek ethnically homogeneous homelands
Assessments
Review Questions
- Which organization later became the World Trade Organization (WTO)?
a. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
b. European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)
c. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
d. European Economic Community (EEC) - What controversial policy has the World Bank supported around the world?
a. increased support for tariffs
b. increased privatization of public utilities
c. increased protections for workers
d. increased access to education - What was one consequence of Bechtel Corporation’s efforts to develop water infrastructure in Bolivia?
a. the nationalization of Be