39 Review Questions
4. When viewing a specimen through a light microscope, scientists use ________ to distinguish the individual components of cells.
- a beam of electrons
- radioactive isotopes
- special stains
- high temperatures
5. The ________ is the basic unit of life.
- organism
- cell
- tissue
- organ
6. Prokaryotes depend on ________ to obtain some materials and to get rid of wastes.
- ribosomes
- flagella
- cell division
- diffusion
7. Bacteria that lack fimbriae are less likely to ________.
- adhere to cell surfaces
- swim through bodily fluids
- synthesize proteins
- retain the ability to divide
8. Which of the following organisms is a prokaryote?
- amoeba
- influenza A virus
- charophyte algae
- E. coli
9. Which of the following is surrounded by two phospholipid bilayers?
- the ribosomes
- the vesicles
- the cytoplasm
- the nucleoplasm
10. Peroxisomes got their name because hydrogen peroxide is:
- used in their detoxification reactions
- produced during their oxidation reactions
- incorporated into their membranes
- a cofactor for the organelles’ enzymes
11. In plant cells, the function of the lysosomes is carried out by __________.
- vacuoles
- peroxisomes
- ribosomes
- nuclei
12. Which of the following is both in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
- nucleus
- mitochondrion
- vacuole
- ribosomes
13. Tay-Sachs disease is a genetic disorder that results in the destruction of neurons due to a buildup of sphingolipids in the cells. Which organelle is malfunctioning in Tay-Sachs?
- lysosome
- endoplasmic reticulum
- peroxisome
- mitochondria
14. Which of the following is not a component of the endomembrane system?
- mitochondrion
- Golgi apparatus
- endoplasmic reticulum
- lysosome
15. The process by which a cell engulfs a foreign particle is known as:
- endosymbiosis
- phagocytosis
- hydrolysis
- membrane synthesis
16. Which of the following is most likely to have the greatest concentration of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
- a cell that secretes enzymes
- a cell that destroys pathogens
- a cell that makes steroid hormones
- a cell that engages in photosynthesis
17. Which of the following sequences correctly lists in order the steps involved in the incorporation of a proteinaceous molecule within a cell?
- protein synthesis of the protein on the ribosome; modification in the Golgi apparatus; packaging in the endoplasmic reticulum; tagging in the vesicle
- synthesis of the protein on the lysosome; tagging in the Golgi; packaging in the vesicle; distribution in the endoplasmic reticulum
- synthesis of the protein on the ribosome; modification in the endoplasmic reticulum; tagging in the Golgi; distribution via the vesicle
- synthesis of the protein on the lysosome; packaging in the vesicle; distribution via the Golgi; tagging in the endoplasmic reticulum
18. Congenital disorders of glycosylation are a growing class of rare diseases. Which organelle would be most commonly involved in the glycoprotein disorder portion of the group?
- RER
- rib