60 Review Questions
4. Energy is stored long-term in the bonds of _____ and used short-term to perform work from a(n) _____ molecule.
- ATP : glucose
- an anabolic molecule : catabolic molecule
- glucose : ATP
- a catabolic molecule : anabolic molecule
5. DNA replication involves unwinding two strands of parent DNA, copying each strand to synthesize complementary strands, and releasing the parent and daughter DNA. Which of the following accurately describes this process?
- This is an anabolic process.
- This is a catabolic process.
- This is both anabolic and catabolic.
- This is a metabolic process but is neither anabolic nor catabolic.
6. Consider a pendulum swinging. Which type(s) of energy is/are associated with the pendulum in the following instances: i. the moment at which it completes one cycle, just before it begins to fall back towards the other end, ii. the moment that it is in the middle between the two ends, and iii. just before it reaches the end of one cycle (just before instant i.).
- i. potential and kinetic, ii. potential and kinetic, iii. kinetic
- i. potential, ii. potential and kinetic, iii. potential and kinetic
- i. potential, ii. kinetic, iii. potential and kinetic
- i. potential and kinetic, ii. kinetic iii. kinetic
7. Which of the following comparisons or contrasts between endergonic and exergonic reactions is false?
- Endergonic reactions have a positive ∆G and exergonic reactions have a negative ∆G.
- Endergonic reactions consume energy and exergonic reactions release energy.
- Both endergonic and exergonic reactions require a small amount of energy to overcome an activation barrier.
- Endergonic reactions take place slowly and exergonic reactions take place quickly.
8. Which of the following is the best way to judge the relative activation energies between two given chemical reactions?
- Compare the ∆G values between the two reactions.
- Compare their reaction rates.
- Compare their ideal environmental conditions.
- Compare the spontaneity between the two reactions.
9. Which of the following is not an example of an energy transformation?
- turning on a light switch
- solar panels at work
- formation of static electricity
- none of the above
10. In each of the three systems, determine the state of entropy (low or high) when comparing the first and second: i. the instant that a perfume bottle is sprayed compared with 30 seconds later, ii. an old 1950s car compared with a brand new car, and iii. a living cell compared with a dead cell.
- i. low, ii. high, iii. low
- i. low, ii. high, iii. high
- i. high, ii. low, iii. high
- i. high, ii. low, iii. low
11. The energy released by the hydrolysis of ATP is____
- primarily stored between the alpha and beta phosphates
- equal to −57 kcal/mol
- harnessed as heat energy by the cell to perform work
- providing energy to coupled reactions
12. Which of the following molecules is likely to have the most potential energy?
- sucrose
- ATP
- glucose
- ADP
13. Which of the following is n