2.2 Population Evolution
2.3 Population Genetics
2.4 Adaptive Evolution
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Viral Evolution, Morphology, and Classification
3.3 Virus Infections and Hosts
3.5 Other Acellular Entities: Prions and Viroids
4.2 Prokaryotic Diversity
4.4 Prokaryotic Metabolism
4.5 Bacterial Diseases in Humans
4.6 Beneficial Prokaryotes
5.2 Eukaryotic Origins
5.3 Characteristics of Protists
5.4 Groups of Protists
6.2 Characteristics of Fungi
6.4 Ecology of Fungi
6.5 Fungal Parasites and Pathogens
6.6 Importance of Fungi in Human Life
7.2 Features of the Animal Kingdom
7.5 The Evolutionary History of the Animal Kingdom
8.1 Introduction
8.4 Superphylum Lophotrochozoa: Flatworms, Rotifers, and Nemerteans
8.5 Superphylum Lophotrochozoa: Mollusks and Annelids
8.6 Superphylum Ecdysozoa: Nematodes and Tardigrades
8.7 Superphylum Ecdysozoa: Arthropods
8.8 Superphylum Deuterostomia
9.1 Introduction
9.3 Fishes
9.4 Amphibians
9.5 Reptiles
10.2 The Plant Body
10.4 Roots
12.3 Animal Primary Tissues
12.4 Homeostasis
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Digestive Systems
13.3 Nutrition and Energy Production
15.3 Somatosensation
15.5 Hearing and Vestibular Sensation
16.1 Introduction
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Types of Skeletal Systems
18.1 Introduction
18.5 Transport of Gases in Human Bodily Fluids
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Overview of the Circulatory System
19.4 Mammalian Heart and Blood Vessels
20.1 Introduction
20.4 Excretion Systems
20.5 Nitrogenous Wastes
20.6 Hormonal Control of Osmoregulatory Functions
21.1 Introduction
21.4 Antibodies
21.5 Disruptions in the Immune System
22.1 Introduction
22.3 Fertilization
22.5 Hormonal Control of Human Reproduction
22.6 Human Pregnancy and Birth
22.7 Fertilization and Early Embryonic Development
22.8 Organogenesis and Vertebrate Formation
23.1 Introduction
23.4 Terrestrial Biomes
24.3 Life Histories and Natural Selection
24.4 Environmental Limits to Population Growth
24.5 Population Dynamics and Regulation
24.7 Community Ecology
24.8 Behavioral Biology: Proximate and Ultimate Causes of Behavior
25.3 Energy Flow through Ecosystems
25.4 Biogeochemical Cycles
26.1 Introduction
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16.1 Introduction
16.1 Introduction
Mary Ann Clark; Jung Choi; and Matthew Douglas
An animal’s endocrine system controls body processes through the production, secretion, and regulation of hormones, which serve as chemical “messengers” functioning in cellular and organ activity and, ultimately, maintaining the body’s homeostasis. The endocrine system plays a role in growth, metabolism, and sexual development. In humans, common endocrine system diseases include thyroid disease and diabetes mellitus. In organisms that undergo metamorphosis, the process is controlled by the endocrine system. The transformation from tadpole to frog, for example, is complex and nuanced to adapt to specific environments and ecological circumstances.