Private: Chapter Nineteen (116/78) -- Chemistry 110

Private: Chapter Nineteen Key Terms, Key Equations, Summaries, and Exercises (Chapter 19) Key Terms actinide series (also, actinoid series) actinium and the elements in the second row or the f-block, atomic numbers 89–103 bidentate ligand ligand that coordinates to one central metal through coordinate bonds from two different atoms central metal ion or atom to which one or more ligands is attached through coordinate covalent bonds chelate complex formed from a polydentate ligand attached to a central metal chelating ligand ligand that attaches to a central metal ion by bonds from two or more donor atoms cis configuration configuration of a geometrical isomer in which two similar groups are on the same side of an imaginary reference line on the molecule coordination compound stable compound in which the central metal atom or ion acts as a Lewis acid and accepts one or more pairs of electrons coordination compound substance consisting of atoms, molecules, or ions attached to a central atom through Lewis acid-base interactions coordination number number of coordinate covalent bonds to the central metal atom in a complex or the number of closest contacts to an atom in a crystalline form coordination sphere central metal atom or ion plus the attached ligands of a complex crystal field splitting (Δoct) difference in energy between the t2g and eg sets or t and e sets of orbitals crystal field theory model that explains the energies of the orbitals in transition metals in terms of electrostatic interactions with the ligands but does not include metal ligand bonding d-block element one of the elements in groups 3–11 with valence electrons in d orbitals donor atom atom in a ligand with a lone pair of electrons that forms a coordinate covalent bond to a central metal eg orbitals set of two d orbitals that are oriented on the Cartesian axes for coordination complexes; in octahedral complexes, they are higher in energy than the t2g orbitals f-block element (also, inner transition element) one of the elements with atomic numbers 58–71 or 90–103 that have valence electrons in f orbitals; they are frequently shown offset below the periodic table first transition series transition elements in the fourth period of the periodic table (first row of the d-block), atomic numbers 21–29 fourth transition series transition elements in the seventh period of the periodic table (fourth row of the d-block), atomic numbers 89 and 104–111 geometric isomers isomers that differ in the way in which atoms are oriented in space relative to each other, leading to different physical and chemical properties high-spin complex complex in which the electrons maximize the total electron spin by singly populating all of the orbitals before pairing two electrons into the lower-energy orbitals hydrometallurgy process in which a metal is separated from a mixture by first converting it into soluble ions, extracting the ions, and then reducing the ions to precipitate the pure metal ionization i