Private: Chapter Seven
Key Terms, Key Equations, Summaries and Exercises (Chapter 7)
Key Terms
acid substance that produces H3O+ when dissolved in water
acid-base reaction reaction involving the transfer of a hydrogen ion between reactant species
actual yield amount of product formed in a reaction
analyte chemical species of interest
balanced equation chemical equation with equal numbers of atoms for each element in the reactant and product
base substance that produces OH− when dissolved in water
buret device used for the precise delivery of variable liquid volumes, such as in a titration analysis
chemical equation symbolic representation of a chemical reaction
coefficient number placed in front of symbols or formulas in a chemical equation to indicate their relative amount
combustion analysis gravimetric technique used to determine the elemental composition of a compound via the collection and weighing of its gaseous combustion products
combustion reaction vigorous redox reaction producing significant amounts of energy in the form of heat and, sometimes, light
complete ionic equation chemical equation in which all dissolved ionic reactants and products, including spectator
ions, are explicitly represented by formulas for their dissociated ions
end point measured volume of titrant solution that yields the change in sample solution appearance or other property expected for stoichiometric equivalence (see equivalence point)
equivalence point volume of titrant solution required to react completely with the analyte in a titration analysis; provides a stoichiometric amount of titrant for the sample’s analyte according to the titration reaction
excess reactant reactant present in an amount greater than required by the reaction stoichiometry
gravimetric analysis quantitative chemical analysis method involving the separation of an analyte from a sample by a physical or chemical process and subsequent mass measurements of the analyte, reaction product, and/or sample
half-reaction an equation that shows whether each reactant loses or gains electrons in a reaction.
indicator substance added to the sample in a titration analysis to permit visual detection of the end point
insoluble of relatively low solubility; dissolving only to a slight extent
limiting reactant reactant present in an amount lower than required by the reaction stoichiometry, thus limiting the amount of product generated
molecular equation chemical equation in which all reactants and products are represented as neutral substances
net ionic equation chemical equation in which only those dissolved ionic reactants and products that undergo a chemical or physical change are represented (excludes spectator ions)
neutralization reaction reaction between an acid and a base to produce salt and water
oxidation process in which an element’s oxidation number is increased by loss of electrons
oxidation number (also, oxidation state) the charge each atom of an element would have in a compound if the comp