Private: Chapter Ten (52/78) -- Chemistry 110

Private: Chapter Ten Key terms, Key Equations, Summaries, and Exercises (Chapter 10) - adhesive force - force of attraction between molecules of different chemical identities - amorphous solid - (also, noncrystalline solid) solid in which the particles lack an ordered internal structure - body-centered cubic (BCC) solid - crystalline structure that has a cubic unit cell with lattice points at the corners and in the center of the cell - body-centered cubic unit cell - simplest repeating unit of a body-centered cubic crystal; it is a cube containing lattice points at each corner and in the center of the cube - boiling point - temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the pressure of the gas above it - Bragg equation - equation that relates the angles at which X-rays are diffracted by the atoms within a crystal - capillary action - flow of liquid within a porous material due to the attraction of the liquid molecules to the surface of the material and to other liquid molecules - Clausius-Clapeyron equation - mathematical relationship between the temperature, vapor pressure, and enthalpy of vaporization for a substance - cohesive force - force of attraction between identical molecules - condensation - change from a gaseous to a liquid state - coordination number - number of atoms closest to any given atom in a crystal or to the central metal atom in a complex - covalent network solid - solid whose particles are held together by covalent bonds - critical point - temperature and pressure above which a gas cannot be condensed into a liquid - crystalline solid - solid in which the particles are arranged in a definite repeating pattern - cubic closest packing (CCP) - crystalline structure in which planes of closely packed atoms or ions are stacked as a series of three alternating layers of different relative orientations (ABC) - deposition - change from a gaseous state directly to a solid state - diffraction - redirection of electromagnetic radiation that occurs when it encounters a physical barrier of appropriate dimensions - dipole-dipole attraction - intermolecular attraction between two permanent dipoles - dispersion force - (also, London dispersion force) attraction between two rapidly fluctuating, temporary dipoles; significant only when particles are very close together - dynamic equilibrium - state of a system in which reciprocal processes are occurring at equal rates - face-centered cubic (FCC) solid - crystalline structure consisting of a cubic unit cell with lattice points on the corners and in the center of each face - face-centered cubic unit cell - simplest repeating unit of a face-centered cubic crystal; it is a cube containing lattice points at each corner and in the center of each face - freezing - change from a liquid state to a solid state - freezing point - temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a substance are in equilibrium; see also melting point - hexagonal closest packing (HCP) - crystalline structure