Chapter 1 – Review
1.1 Chemistry in Context
- Explain how you could experimentally determine whether the outside temperature is higher or lower than 0 °C (32 °F) without using a thermometer. Check Answer: [1]
- Identify each of the following statements as being most similar to a hypothesis, a law, or a theory. Explain your reasoning.
- Falling barometric pressure precedes the onset of bad weather.
- All life on earth has evolved from a common, primitive organism through the process of natural selection.
- My truck’s gas mileage has dropped significantly, probably because it’s due for a tune-up.
- Identify each of the following statements as being most similar to a hypothesis, a law, or a theory. Explain your reasoning.
- The pressure of a sample of gas is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas.
- Matter consists of tiny particles that can combine in specific ratios to form substances with specific properties.
- At a higher temperature, solids (such as salt or sugar) will dissolve better in water.
Check Answer: [2]
- Identify each of the following bolded items (also preceded by *) as a part of either the macroscopic domain, the microscopic domain, or the symbolic domain of chemistry. For any in the symbolic domain, indicate whether they are symbols for a macroscopic or a microscopic feature.
- The mass of a *lead pipe is 14 lb.
- The mass of a certain *chlorine atom is 35 amu.
- A bottle with a label that reads *Al contains aluminum metal.
- *Al is the symbol for an aluminum atom.
- Identify each of the following bolded items (also preceded by *) as a part of either the macroscopic domain, the microscopic domain, or the symbolic domain of chemistry. For those in the symbolic domain, indicate whether they are symbols for a macroscopic or a microscopic feature.
- A certain molecule contains one *H atom and one Cl atom.
- *Copper wire has a density of about 8 g/cm3.
- The bottle contains 15 grams of *Ni powder.
- A *sulfur molecule is composed of eight sulfur atoms.
Check Answer: [3]
- According to one theory, the pressure of a gas increases as its volume decreases because the molecules in the gas have to move a shorter distance to hit the walls of the container. Does this theory follow a macroscopic or microscopic description of chemical behaviour? Explain your answer.
- The amount of heat required to melt 2 lbs of ice is twice the amount of heat required to melt 1 lb of ice. Is this observation a macroscopic or microscopic description of chemical behaviour? Explain your answer. Check Answer: [4]
1.2 Phases and Classification of Matter
- Why do we use an object’s mass, rather than its weight, to indicate the amount of matter it contains?
- What properties distinguish solids from liquids? Liquids from gases? Solids from gases? Check Answer: [5]
- How does a heterogeneous mixture differ from a homogeneous mixture? How are they similar?
- How does a homogeneous mixture differ from a pure substance? How are they similar? Check Answer: [6]
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