0.4 Ordinary Annuities
0.5 The Derivation of Ordinary Annuity Factors
0.7 Future and Present Annuity Factors: Mathematical Formulas
0.9 Growth Perpetuities and the Dividend Discount Model
0.10 Chapter Zero Review Questions
1.4 Capital Budgeting: The Investment Decision
1.6 The Payback and Discounted Payback Methods
1.7 Personal Financial Planning Problem: Payback Method
1.8 Personal Financial Planning Problem: Payback Method (Solutions)
1.9 Payback and Discounted Payback Summary
1.11 Critical Methodological Issues Relative to Choice of Capital Budgeting Tech
1.13 Net Present Value (NPV) (continued)
1.14 NPV Solutions
1.15 NPV Practice Problem
1.19 Net Present Value (NPV): Annuity Cash Inflows
1.20 The Equivalent of the Multiple Cash Flows as A Singular Cash (Out-) Flow: “
1.22 Personal Financial Planning Problem: Net Present Value (In-class Exercise)
1.24 The Capital Rationing Problem
1.26 The Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
1.29 What Does “IRR” Mean? (A Brief Review)
1.30 The NPV vs. the IRR: Differences in Methodologies (Summary and Review)
1.32 Multiple IRRs
1.33 Quadratic Solution to IRR
1.34 Quadratic Practice Problems
1.37 General MIRR Formula (Derivation)
1.38 The Modified Internal Rate of Return (MIRR) (Problem)
1.39 MIRR Solution
1.41 Review Questions: Chapter One
2.2 Comparison of NPV and IRR: Some Technical Points
2.3 Solution to Problem NPV vs. IRR
2.6 Calculating the MIRR: Negative Interim Outflows
2.9 Capital Budgeting for Mutually Exclusive Projects with Unequal Lives: Replac
2.12 Sample Problem: NPV and AAA for Unequal Lives
2.14 NPV and AAA for Unequal Lives (Solutions)
2.15 Topical Practice Problems: Replacement Chain versus AAA (Problems # 1 – 7)
2.16 Solution for “Question #2”
2.18 Solutions for “Questions #3-5”
2.19 Solution for “Questions #6 & #7”
3.2 What is the Discount Rate Anyway?
3.3 The After-Tax Cost of Debt Capital
3.4 Flotation Costs
3.6 Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC)
3.7 Solutions to WACC Problems
3.8 WACC Practice Problem
3.11 A Word about Linear Equations (Review of Algebra)
3.13 Diagram of the CAPM
3.18 Summary: The Cost of Capital
3.19 Review Questions: Chapter Three
4.2 External Funds Needed Formula (EFN)
4.6 Financing Lease (Solution to Question #1)
4.7 Lease (Solution to Question #2)
4.8 Leasing Summary Calculations
4.9 Examination of the Lease Obligation over its Entire Life
4.12 Review Questions: Chapter Four
5.2 Financial Leverage
5.3 Financial Leverage (Graph)
5.4 The Crossover Point
5.5 Leverage and the Crossover Point
5.6 Leverage and Risk
5.11 The Impact of Financial Leverage on Valuation or Price
5.13 The Importance of Capital Structure in the Firm’s Valuation
5.14 Review Questions: Chapter Five
6.2 “Homemade” Leverage Illustrated: An Introduction to Modigliani & Miller (“M&
6.3 Leveraging versus De-leveraging
6.5 Modigliani & Miller (“M & M”): “Proposition One” The Formula
6.6 M&M and Pizza
6.8 Review Questions: Chapter Six
7.2 The Effect of Paying a Dividend on a Firm’s Prospective Capitalization
7.6 Stock Splits
7.9 Review Questions: Chapter Seven
8.3 Capital Financing Sources
8.6 Summary: Financial Leverage and Capital Structure
9.5 Some Short-term Sources of Funds
9.6 Cash Conversion Cycle: Practice Problem
9.7 Cash Ratios: Firms in Financial Straits
9.8 Cash Optimal Order Quantities Model: Baumol’s Cash Optimization Model
9.10 Cash Optimization (Baumol) Model: The Mathematics
9.11 The Inverse Relationship between Opportunity and Transaction Costs
9.13 Illustration of the Inverse Relationship between Opportunity and Transactio
9.14 The Optimal Cash Order Quantity Solution
9.15 Cash Receipt and Disbursement Management
9.16 Economic Ordering Quantity (EOQ) Model Inventory Optimal Order Quantities M
9.17 Inventory Model Mathematics Problem
9.19 Altering Credit Policy
9.20 “Trade Credit”: Relevant Costs
9.22 Five Steps to Credit Management
9.23 Review Questions: Chapter Nine
10.2 Operating Leverage
10.3 Operating Break-even Point
10.6 The Degree of Operating Leverage
10.7 Operating Earnings (EBIT): Standard Accounting (Reporting) versus Cost Acco
10.8 Liberalizing Credit Policy (A Last Look)
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8.6 Summary: Financial Leverage and Capital Structure
8.6 Summary: Financial Leverage and Capital Structure
Students are very often disappointed to learn that there are no answers to the big questions. The ideal ratio of debt to equity depends on the industry, the company, its managers, and shareholders. While we may have some metrics that are indicative of one or more of the foregoing characteristics, we cannot quantify the “ideal” capital structure. We are now certainly aware of the pros and cons of too little or too much debt. The fallback notion is that the ideal capital structure is the company’s current structure; otherwise, the corporation would not have chosen it. That is tough for many to buy into, especially in a dynamic world.
In the end, the best financial managers are those who are most adept at coping with uncertainty, and incomplete, or faulty, models. That’s life.
How much better to acquire wisdom than gold;
To acquire understanding is preferable to silver.
-Proverbs 16:16
A wise man is strong;
a man of knowledge increases strength.
-Proverbs 24:5