Support and Movement
Unit 15: Muscle Anatomy and Movement
Unit outline
- Flexion and Extension
- Hyperextension
- Abduction and Adduction
- Circumduction
- Rotation
- Supination and Pronation
- Plantar flexion and Dorsiflexion
- Eversion and Inversion
- Protraction and Retraction
- Depression and Elevation
- Naming Skeletal Muscles
- Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
- Muscles that move the Head
- Muscles of the Posterior Neck and the Back
- Muscles of Abdominal Wall and Thorax
- Muscles of the abdomen
- Muscles of the thorax
- Diaphragm
- Intercostal muscles
- Muscles of the pectoral girdle and upper limbs
- Muscles that position the pectoral girdle
- Muscles that move the humerus
- Muscles that move the forearm
- Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
- Muscles that move the thigh
- Gluteal region muscles that move the femur
Practice Questions
Learning Objectives
At the end of this unit, you should be able to:
I. Describe the levels of muscle organization: fascia, fascicles, muscle fibres.
II. Describe the following structures of a muscle cell: sarcolemma, sarcoplasm, nuclei, mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum, transverse tubules, myofibrils, myofilaments, sarcomere.
III. Describe the following structures of a sarcomere: Z line, I band, A band, H zone, M line.
IV. Describe the basic structure of the thick and thin filaments and their primary protein components.
V. Specify four factors which determine the type of movement accomplished by a muscle.
VI. Specify some of the criteria used in the naming of muscles.
VII. Describe, using specific examples, 16 types of movements characteristic of skeletal muscle contractions.
Learning Objectives and Guiding Questions
At the end of this unit, you should be able to complete all the following tasks, including answering the guiding questions associated with each task.
I. Describe the levels of muscle organization: fascia, fascicles, muscle fibres.
II. Describe the following structures of a muscle cell: sarcolemma, sarcoplasm, nuclei, mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum, transverse tubules, myofibrils, myofilaments, sarcomere.
- Define the following terms:
- Fascia
- Fascicle
- Epimysium
- Perimysium
- Endomysium
- Muscle fiber
- Muscle cell
- Tendon
- Explain why skeletal muscle fibers appear to have striations.
- Describe the location and general structure of each of the following:
- Sarcolemma
- Sarcoplasm
- Sarcoplasmic reticulum
- Sarcomere
- Myofilaments
- Myofibrils
- Transverse tubules
III. Describe the following structures of a sarcomere: Z line, I band, A band, H zone, M line.
- Draw and fully label a diagram showing two adjacent, relaxed sarcomeres. Your diagram must include (labelled!):
- Z line
- I band
- A band
- H zone
- M line
- Sarcomere width
- Draw and fully label a diagram showing one fully contracted sarcomere. Your diagram must include labels:
- Z line
- I band
- A band
- H zone
- M line
- Sarcomere width
IV. Describe the basic structure of the thick and th