Reproduction
Unit 11: Human Genetics
Unit Outline
Part 1: Cell Growth and Division
- The cell cycle
- Interphase
- The structure of chromosomes
- Mitosis and cytokinesis
- Meiosis
Part 2: Patterns of Inheritance
- From genotype to phenotype
- Mendel’s theory of inheritance
- Autosomal dominant inheritance
- Autosomal recessive inheritance
- X-linked dominant or recessive inheritance
- Mutations
- Chromosomal disorders
- Detecting genetic disorders
Learning Objectives
At the end of this unit, you should be able to:
I. Distinguish between:
- Genes and alleles
- Characters and traits
- Genotype and phenotype
- Chromatin, chromosome, and chromatid
- Haploid and diploid cells
II. Describe the difference between the karyotypes of a normal human female and a normal human male.
III. Describe the characteristics and appearance of cells during each stage of mitosis and meiosis.
IV. Compare and contrast the processes of mitosis and meiosis.
V. Define the term nondisjunction.
VI. Describe the two processes that occur during meiosis that generate genetic variability between gametes (crossing over and independent assortment).
VII. Distinguish between:
- Homozygous and heterozygous genotypes
- Dominant and recessive alleles
- Autosomal and sex-linked inheritance
VIII. Provide the genotypes and phenotypes, of both the parents and offspring, in the following cases:
- An autosomal gene when:
- Both parents are heterozygous
- One parent is heterozygous, and the other is homozygous for the dominant allele
- One parent is heterozygous, and the other is homozygous for the recessive allele
- Both parents are homozygous for the recessive allele
- Both parents are homozygous for the dominant allele
- A sex-linked gene when:
- The mother is heterozygous, and the father has the dominant allele
- The mother is heterozygous, and the father has the recessive allele
- The mother is homozygous for the dominant allele, and the father has the recessive allele
- The mother is homozygous for the dominant allele, and the father has the dominant allele
- The mother is homozygous for the recessive allele, and the father has the recessive allele
- The mother is homozygous for the recessive allele, and the father has the dominant allele
IX. What is a mutation? Which type of cells would need to mutate for that mutation to be expressed in any offspring?
X. What is a wild-type allele?
XI. Describe the genetic determinants of genetic disorders.
Learning Objectives and Guiding Questions
At the end of this unit, you should be able to complete all the following tasks, including answering the guiding questions associated with each task.
I. Distinguish between:
- Genes and alleles
- Characters and traits
- Genotype and phenotype
- Chromatin, chromosome, and chromatid
- Haploid and diploid cells
II. Describe the difference between the karyotypes of a normal human female and a normal human male.
III. Describe the characteristics and appearance of cells during each stage of mitosis and meiosis.
- D