Maintenance of the Body
Unit 7: Cellular Respiration and Energy Metabolism
Unit outline
Part 1: Carbohydrate Metabolism
- Glycolysis
- Krebs Cycle
- Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Gluconeogenesis
Part 2: Lipid Metabolism
- Lipolysis
- Ketogenesis
- Ketone Body Oxidation
- Lipogenesis
Part 3: Protein Metabolism
Part 4: Metabolic States of the Body
- The Absorptive State
- The Postabsorptive State
- Starvation
Learning Objectives
At the end of this unit, you should be able to:
I. Describe the process of cellular respiration in general terms.
II. Describe the roles of ATP, NAD, and FAD in energy metabolism in the cell.
III. Describe the process of glycolysis.
IV. Describe the formation of acetyl coenzyme A from pyruvic acid.
V. Explain the role of the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration.
VI. Describe the role of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration.
VII. Describe the major steps in the generation of ATP by chemiosmosis.
VIII. Summarize the ATP produced from the breakdown of a single glucose molecule.
IX. Describe the importance of oxygen (O2) in cellular respiration and compare aerobic respiration with lactic acid fermentation.
X. Describe the importance of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins in energy storage and energy availability, and their use during starvation conditions.
XI. Describe the importance of glucose in cellular respiration and ATP production.
XII. Describe the role of lipids and amino acids in ATP production.
XIII. Describe the role of ketone bodies in energy metabolism.
XIV. Describe the relationship between gluconeogenesis, lipid metabolism, and protein catabolism.
XV. Describe the fate of amino acids that are metabolized for ATP production.
XVI. Explain the importance of appropriate nutrient intake for maintaining homeostasis of the body.
Learning Objectives and Guiding Questions
At the end of this unit, you should be able to complete all the following tasks, including answering the guiding questions associated with each task.
I. Describe the process of cellular respiration in general terms.
- Define the term “cellular respiration”.
- What is the main biological function of cellular respiration?
- Determine and write out the overall chemical equation for aerobic cellular respiration.
II. Describe the roles of ATP, NAD, and FAD in energy metabolism in the cell.
- Use complete sentences to describe how cells produce:
- ATP
- NADH
- FADH2
- Use complete sentences to describe the biological purpose of a cell producing:
- ATP
- NADH
- FADH2
III. Describe the process of glycolysis.
IV. Describe the formation of acetyl coenzyme A from pyruvic acid.
V. Explain the role of the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration.
VI. Describe the role of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration.
VII. Describe the major steps in the generation of ATP by chemiosmosis.
- Write a single-sentence summary of the chemical events that occur during each of the following processes:
- Glycolysis
- Pyruvic acid oxidation
- The Krebs (citric ac