Unit 12: Human Genetics
Unit Outline
Part 1: Cell Growth and Division
Part 2: Patterns of Inheritance
- From Genotype to Phenotype
- Mendel’s Theory of Inheritance
- Autosomal Dominant Inheritance
- Autosomal Recessive Inheritance
- X-linked Dominant or Recessive Inheritance
- Mutations
- Chromosomal Disorders
- Detecting Genetic Disorders
Practice Questions
Learning Objectives
At the end of this unit, you should be able to:
I. Distinguish between significant related genetic terms.
II. Describe the karyotype of a normal human female and the karyotype of a normal human male.
III. Describe the processes of mitosis and meiosis.
IV. Describe the effects of nondisjunction on the chromosome complement of gametes.
V. Describe the genetic significance of crossing over and independent assortment in meiosis.
VI. Describe autosomal inheritance.
VII. Describe sex-linked inheritance.
VIII. What is a mutation? Which type of cells would need to mutate for that mutation to be expressed in any offspring?
IX. Describe the chromosome abnormalities that result in the following genetic disorders.
Learning Objectives and Guiding Questions
At the end of this unit, you should be able to complete all the following tasks, including answering the guiding questions associated with each task.
I. Distinguish between significant related genetic terms.
- Distinguish between gene and allele
- Distinguish between character and trait
- Distinguish between genotype and phenotype
- Distinguish between chromatin, chromosome and chromatid
- Distinguish between haploid and diploid
II. Describe the karyotype of a normal human female and the karyotype of a normal human male.
III. Describe the processes of mitosis and meiosis.
- Specify where mitosis and meiosis occur in the human body.
- Compare and contrast the functions of mitosis and meiosis.
- Draw diagrams to illustrate the behaviour of chromosomes during mitosis.
- Draw diagrams to illustrate the behaviour of chromosomes during meiosis.
IV. Define the term nondisjunction.
- Describe when it can occur and what the result of it is.
V. Describe the genetic significance of crossing over and independent assortment in meiosis.
VI. Describe autosomal inheritance.
- Distinguish between homozygous and heterozygous genotypes.
- Distinguish between dominant, and recessive alleles
- Specify the genotypes and phenotype of both parents and offspring in the following cases:
-
- Both parents are heterozygous
- One parent is heterozygous, and the other is homozygous for the dominant allele
- One parent is heterozygous, and the other is homozygous for the recessive allele
- Both parents are homozygous for the recessive allele
- Both parents are homozygous for the dominant allele
VII. Describe sex-linked inheritance.
- Specify the genotype and phenotype of both parents and offspring in the following cases:
-
- The mother is heterozygous, and the father has the dominant allele
- The mother is heterozygous, and the father has the recessive allele
- The