Plasticine definitions
Dr Jessica Clare Hancock
What is the idea?
This activity asks small groups of students to define a term by creating a plasticine model–translating their ideas into metaphor and a material object makes them really consider what the term means (James et al., 2014). There are many terms that are frequently used in universities that become jargon and overdetermined, describing concepts that students might be able to parrot a verbal definition of, but do not truly understand: such as criticality, plagiarism or more subject-specific phrases; see, for example, Gordon (2000). Creating a shared definition of these important ideas is beneficial to students. After making the model, groups swap tables, and guess the term that another group’s model represents. This leads to a whole group discussion and the creation of new, shared and accessible definitions.
Why this idea?
If students are asked to provide a verbal definition of a particular concept, they may be able to recite one that they have learnt by rote, but this does not mean that they are able to fully understand the implications of this theory or notion. For example, when I discuss plagiarism with students, many are able to confidently respond that it’s about ‘using someone else’s work as your own’; but when asked to expand on this, or give particular examples, or decide on whether a particular scenario constitutes plagiarism or not, they find it much more troubling, suggesting that they do not really appreciate the implications of the definition they have given.
By using plasticine, and asking students to create a model, students have to move from a pat, or pre-determined and prepared, response into the realms of metaphor, which requires a deeper discussion of the meanings of a concept (Gallagher & Lindgren, 2015; Hancock, 2019). Using a material which may be familiar to students from childhood introduces a playful element which has benefits in enabling a different kind of approach to the discussion, and making learning fun (Whitton & Langan, 2019). Playful approaches can move students away from fearing giving the ‘wrong’ answer, and into a space where open exploration is possible (Nørgård et al., 2017).
Doing the activity in a group means that students can build on each others’ knowledge through collaborative peer learning (Boud et al., 2013), and develop a shared understanding of each concept. Working out the meaning of another group’s model again facilitates a deeper discussion using metaphor. Students then become clearer about the elements of a particular term or idea. Comparing each group’s model enables students to appreciate alternative perspectives to and definitions of a term that they might have initially seen as being straightforward. This kind of creative response to notions and theories takes students out of their comfort zone of verbal articulation to examine what is really behind the ideas they are discussing (James et al., 2014).
How could others implement this