Learning Activities Answer Key
Chapter 4 Answer Key
Chapter 4 Clinical Reasoning and Decision-Making Activities
Section 4.16 Lightbulb Moment
1. A potential side effect of nicotine is the activation of the sympathetic nervous system that causes an increased heart rate. Nausea and weakness are potential side effects that can indicate nicotine overdose. The nurse should provide education to the client regarding the avoidance of additional nicotine when using the nicotine patch. It may also be helpful to remove the patch at bedtime and reapply a new patch in the morning.
You can review additional information about nicotine administration in the “Nicotine” section.
2.a. The nurse should explain to the client that tamsulosin relaxes muscles in the bladder and prostate to improve urine flow.
2.b. The nurse should monitor for hypotension and tachycardia, especially after administering the first dose of medication. The nurse should also advise the client to change positions slowly in order to prevent falls that can occur due to hypotension.
You can review additional information about tamsulosin in the “Alpha-1 Antagonists” section.
3.a. Albuterol stimulates Beta-2 agonist receptors in the smooth muscle of bronchi and bronchioles to produce bronchodilation to ease the work of breathing.
3.b. Beta-1 receptors can also be inadvertently stimulated by albuterol and causes the side effect of tachycardia.
3.c. The nurse should educate the client to take the medication as prescribed and avoid caffeine or other stimulants that can cause tachycardia.
You can review additional information about albuterol in the “Beta-2 Agonists” section.
4.a. Propranolol is a nonselective beta-blocker and inhibits both Beta-1 and Beta-2 receptors. Inhibiting Beta-1 receptors will decrease the heart rate and reduce the force of the heart’s contraction, which will lower the client’s blood pressure.
4.b. Before administering propranolol, the nurse should always assess the client’s blood pressure and apical pulse. If the systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg or the apical heart rate is less than 60 beats per minute, the medication should be withheld and the provider notified unless other parameters are provided in the order.
4.c. Propranolol can inadvertently cause bronchoconstriction because it inhibits Beta-2 receptors in addition to Beta-1 receptors. Bronchoconstriction causes wheezing.
4.d. When a nurse notices new wheezing, a focused respiratory assessment should be performed including assessing the client’s airway, respiratory rate, and oxygenation status. Depending on the urgency of the assessment findings, the nurse should also check the client’s medical record for a history of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and immediately notify the provider.
You can review additional information about propranolol in the “Beta-2 Antagonists” section.
5.a. Before administering metoprolol, the nurse should always assess the client’s blood pressure and pulse.
5.b