47 Review Questions for States of Consciousness
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Multiple Choice Questions
1. The body’s biological clock is located in the ________.
- hippocampus
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
- pituitary gland
2. ________ occurs when there is a chronic deficiency in sleep.
- jet lag
- rotating shift work
- circadian rhythm
- sleep debt
3. ________ cycles occur roughly once every 24 hours.
- biological
- circadian
- rotating
- conscious
4. ________ is one way in which people can help reset their biological clocks.
- Light-dark exposure
- coffee consumption
- alcohol consumption
- napping
5. Growth hormone is secreted by the ________ while we sleep.
- pineal gland
- thyroid
- pituitary gland
- pancreas
6. The ________ plays a role in controlling slow-wave sleep.
- hypothalamus
- thalamus
- pons
- both a and b
7. ________ is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland that plays a role in regulating biological rhythms and immune function.
- growth hormone
- melatonin
- LH
- FSH
8. ________ appears to be especially important for enhanced performance on recently learned tasks.
- melatonin
- slow-wave sleep
- sleep deprivation
- growth hormone
9. ________ is(are) described as slow-wave sleep.
- stage 1
- stage 2
- stage 3 and stage 4
- REM sleep
10. Sleep spindles and K-complexes are most often associated with ________ sleep.
- stage 1
- stage 2
- stage 3 and stage 4
- REM
11. The ________ content of a dream refers to the true meaning of the dream.
- latent
- manifest
- collective unconscious
- important
12. ________ is loss of muscle tone or control that is often associated with narcolepsy.
- RBD
- CPAP
- cataplexy
- insomnia
13. An individual may suffer from ________ if there is a disruption in the brain signals that are sent to the muscles that regulate breathing.
- central sleep apnea
- obstructive sleep apnea
- narcolepsy
- SIDS
14. ________ is another word for sleepwalking.
- insomnia
- somnambulism
- cataplexy
- narcolepsy
15. ________ occurs when a drug user requires more and more of a given drug in order to experience the same effects of the drug.
- withdrawal
- psychological dependence
- tolerance
- reuptake
16. Cocaine blocks the reuptake of ________.
- GABA
- glutamate
- acetylcholine
- dopamine
17. ________ refers to drug craving.
- psychological dependence
- antagonism
- agonism
- physical dependence
18. LSD affects ________ neurotransmission.
- dopamine
- serotonin
- acetylcholine
- norepinephrine
19. ________ is most effective in individuals that are very open to the power of suggestion.
- hypnosis
- meditation
- mindful awareness
- cognitive therapy
20. ________ has its roots in religious practice.
- hypnosis
- meditation
- cognitive therapy
- behavioural therapy
21. Meditation may be helpful in ________.
- pain management
- stress control
- treating the flu
- both a and b
22. Research suggests that cognitive processes, such as learning, may be affected by ________.
- hypnosis
- meditation
- mindful awareness
- progressive relaxation