75 Key Terms for Language & Intelligence
- algorithm
- problem-solving strategy characterized by a specific set of instructions
- analytical intelligence
- aligned with academic problem solving and computations
- anchoring bias
- faulty heuristic in which you fixate on a single aspect of a problem to find a solution
- artificial concept
- concept that is defined by a very specific set of characteristics
- availability heuristic
- faulty heuristic in which you make a decision based on information readily available to you
- cognition
- thinking, including perception, learning, problem solving, judgment, and memory
- cognitive psychology
- field of psychology dedicated to studying every aspect of how people think
- cognitive script
- set of behaviours that are performed the same way each time; also referred to as an event schema
- concept
- category or grouping of linguistic information, objects, ideas, or life experiences
- confirmation bias
- faulty heuristic in which you focus on information that confirms your beliefs
- convergent thinking
- providing correct or established answers to problems
- creative intelligence
- ability to produce new products, ideas, or inventing a new, novel solution to a problem
- creativity
- ability to generate, create, or discover new ideas, solutions, and possibilities
- crystallized intelligence
- characterized by acquired knowledge and the ability to retrieve it
- cultural intelligence
- ability with which people can understand and relate to those in another culture
- deductive reasoning
- applying general rules to specific observations (the opposite of inductive reasoning)
- divergent thinking
- ability to think “outside the box” to arrive at novel solutions to a problem
- emotional intelligence
- ability to understand emotions and motivations in yourself and others
- event schema
- set of behaviours that are performed the same way each time; also referred to as a cognitive script
- fluid intelligence
- ability to see complex relationships and solve problems
- Flynn effect
- observation that each generation has a significantly higher IQ than the previous generation
- functional fixedness
- inability to see an object as useful for any other use other than the one for which it was intended
- grammar
- set of rules that are used to convey meaning through the use of a lexicon
- heuristic
- mental shortcut that saves time when solving a problem
- hindsight bias
- belief that the event just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t
- inductive reasoning
- drawing general conclusions from specific observations
- intelligence quotient
- (also, IQ) score on a test designed to measure intelligence
- language
- communication system that involves using words to transmit information from one individual to another
- lexicon
- the words of a given language
- mental set
- continually using an old solution to a problem without results
- morpheme
- smallest unit of language that conveys some type of meaning
- Multi