[update 1] During the below attempts to make this thing work, I rebooted several times. However this morning I turn on my computer and now the device is listed... However I will keep my question open for a few days to see if this odd behavior comes back.[/update 1]

adb under Arch Linux (32bits) suddenly stopped reporting my phone, which it usually does. I tried all the following commands both as sudo and normal user, with the same lack of result.

[antoine@amadeus /home/antoine/]$ sudo gvim /etc/udev/rules.d/51-android.rules

In which I wrote:

SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="0bb4", ATTR{idProduct}=="0ccf", MODE="0666", OWNER="antoine"

Then I did:

[antoine@amadeus /home/antoine/]$ sudo udevadm control --reload-rules

The device was there:

[antoine@amadeus /home/antoine/]$ lsusb
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 006 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 007 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 002 Device 012: ID 0bb4:0ccf High Tech Computer Corp. 
Bus 006 Device 002: ID 046d:0a15 Logitech, Inc. 
Bus 006 Device 003: ID 413c:2003 Dell Computer Corp. Keyboard
Bus 006 Device 004: ID 046d:c52f Logitech, Inc. Wireless Mouse M305

So I killed the adb server

[antoine@amadeus /home/antoine/]$ sudo adb kill-server
[antoine@amadeus /home/antoine/]$ sudo adb start-server
* daemon not running. starting it now on port 5037 *
* daemon started successfully *

Yet it didn't work:

[antoine@amadeus /home/antoine/]$ sudo adb devices
List of dev
android linux adb
Edit
Report