How can I avoid using Select in Excel VBA?

I've heard much about the understandable abhorrence of using .Select in Excel VBA, but I am unsure of how to avoid using it.

I am finding that my code would be more reusable if I were able to use variables instead of Select functions. However, I am not sure how to refer to things (like the ActiveCell, etc.) if not using Select.

I have found this article on ranges and this example on the benefits of not using select, but I can't find anything on how.