Note: Although it is possible to change to the Eclipse compiler as suggested by this answer, it is not necessary to solve this particular issue. Instead, you can simply add an argument to your compiler settings that alters the maximum number of errors displayed by the javac compiler (as described in this alternate answer to the question by Nicolas Guillaume).
As there may be subtle issues that arise when switching to a different compiler or compiler version on an existing project, make sure you understand the consequences given your particular circumstances prior to making a switch such as the one described below.
This limit is not enforced by IntelliJ IDEA, it's compiler specific (in this case javac compiler has a limit of 100 errors).
To workaround this problem you can switch to another compiler in Settings | Compiler | Java Compiler. Eclipse compiler should be able to show more errors.