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I'm using the C API of numpy to write some functions for matrix calculation. Today I wanted to move some parts of my functions into a seperate .c file and use a header to declare them. Now I have a strange problem that has to do with numpy's import_array function. I've tried to simplify the problem as much as possible. At first there is the working program: mytest.c #include "mytest.h" PyObject* my_sub_function() { npy_intp dims[2] = {2, 2}; double data[] = {0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4}; PyArrayObject* matrix = (PyArrayObject*)PyArray_SimpleNew(2, dims, NPY_FLOAT64); memcpy(PyArray_DATA(matrix), data, sizeof(double) * dims[0] * dims[1]); return (PyObject*)matrix; } static PyObject* my_test_function(PyObject* self, PyObject* args) { return my_sub_function(); } static PyMethodDef methods[] = { {"my_test_function", my_test_function, METH_VARARGS, ""}, {0, 0, 0, 0} }; static struct PyModuleDef module = { PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT, "mytest", 0, -1, methods }; PyMODINIT_FUNC PyInit_mytest() { import_array(); return PyModule_Create(&module); } mytest.h #ifndef mytest_h #define mytest_h #include <Python.h> #include <numpy/arrayobject.h> #include <numpy/npy_common.h> PyObject* my_sub_function(); #endif Makefile all: mytest.o sub.o gcc -shared -Wl,-soname,mytest.so -o mytest.so mytest.o mytest.o: sub.o gcc -fPIC -c mytest.c `pkg-config --cflags python3` clean: rm -rf *.so rm -rf *.o Everything works as expected. I can call make and then load the module and call the function: test.py import mytest print(mytest.my_test_function()) If I would remove import_array from the init function there would be a segfault, which is the behaviour that has

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