Probably been asked before, but all this is approaching the limit of my comprehension and cognizance of C++, so I'm a little slow in understanding what's being talked about and exactly what's going on. Let me just jump straight to the code. This works:

template <typename T>
class Foo
{
    struct Bar
    {
        Bar() {}
        ~Bar() noexcept {}
        Bar(Bar&& b) : Bar() { swap(*this, b); }

        friend void swap(Bar& b1, Bar& b2) { /* ... */ }
    };
};

template class Foo<int>; // explicit instantiation of Foo with int type

But how do I move the definition of swap outside of the Bar struct body? If I do this:

template <typename T>
class Foo {
    struct Bar {
        // ...
        Bar(Bar&& b) : Bar() { swap(*this, b); } // line 16
        // ...
        template <typename V>
          friend void swap(typename Foo<V>::Bar&, typename Foo<V>::Bar&);
    };
};

template <typename T>
  void swap(typename Foo<T>::Bar& b1, typename Foo<T>::Bar& b2) {} // line 26

template class Foo<int>; // line 31

g++ (4.7.1, flags: -Wall -std=c++11) reports:

main.cpp: In instantiation of ‘Foo<T>::Bar::Bar(Foo<T>::Bar&&) 
            [with T = int; Foo<T>::Bar = Foo<int>::Bar]’:
main.cpp:31:16:   required from here
main.cpp:16:28: error: no matching function for call to 
            ‘swap(Foo<int>::Bar&, Foo<int>::Bar&)’
main.cpp:16:28: note: candidate is:
main.cpp:26:6: note: template<class T> void swap(typename Foo<T>::Bar&, 
                                                 typename Foo<T>::Bar&)
main.cpp:26:6: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
main.cpp:16:28: note:   couldn't deduce template parameter ‘T’

I guess the code for swap a

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