10
Yes it does make a significant performance difference, and there are lots on benchmarking results on the web to support this.
For example: http://www.cowtowncoder.com/blog/archives/2007/02/entry_32.html - which seems to be saying that a reflective call to a get or set method is ~50 times slower than accessing / updating the field directly. (And getting / setting using Field methods is slower still.)
Now these results are rather old, and (apparently) the performance of reflection has been improved in recent HotSpot JVMs. Even so, a rough rule of thumb is "an order of magnitude or more slower".