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Compare similarity of images using OpenCV with Python

Asked 2012-11-14T13:39:48.197
37

I'm trying to compare a image to a list of other images and return a selection of images (like Google search images) of this list with up to 70% of similarity.

I get this code in this post and change for my context

# Load the images
img =cv2.imread(MEDIA_ROOT + "/uploads/imagerecognize/armchair.jpg")

# Convert them to grayscale
imgg =cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

# SURF extraction
surf = cv2.FeatureDetector_create("SURF")
surfDescriptorExtractor = cv2.DescriptorExtractor_create("SURF")
kp = surf.detect(imgg)
kp, descritors = surfDescriptorExtractor.compute(imgg,kp)

# Setting up samples and responses for kNN
samples = np.array(descritors)
responses = np.arange(len(kp),dtype = np.float32)

# kNN training
knn = cv2.KNearest()
knn.train(samples,responses)

modelImages = [MEDIA_ROOT + "/uploads/imagerecognize/1.jpg", MEDIA_ROOT + "/uploads/imagerecognize/2.jpg", MEDIA_ROOT + "/uploads/imagerecognize/3.jpg"]

for modelImage in modelImages:

    # Now loading a template image and searching for similar keypoints
    template = cv2.imread(modelImage)
    templateg= cv2.cvtColor(template,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
    keys = surf.detect(templateg)

    keys,desc = surfDescriptorExtractor.compute(templateg, keys)

    for h,des in enumerate(desc):
        des = np.array(des,np.float32).reshape((1,128))

        retval, results, neigh_resp, dists = knn.find_nearest(des,1)
        res,dist =  int(results[0][0]),dists[0][0]


        if dist<0.1: # draw matched keypoints in red color
            color = (0,0,255)

        else:  # draw unmatched in blue color
            #print dist
            color = (255,0,0)

        #Draw matched key points on original image
        x,y = kp[res].pt
        center = (int(x),int(y))
        cv2.circle(img,center,2,color,-1)

        #Draw matched key points on template image
        x,
python opencv computer-vision
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1 Answer

10

I wrote a program to do something very similar maybe 2 years ago using Python/Cython. Later I rewrote it to Go to get better performance. The base idea comes from findimagedupes IIRC.

It basically computes a "fingerprint" for each image, and then compares these fingerprints to match similar images.

The fingerprint is generated by resizing the image to 160x160, converting it to grayscale, adding some blur, normalizing it, then resizing it to 16x16 monochrome. At the end you have 256 bits of output: that's your fingerprint. This is very easy to do using convert:

convert path[0] -sample 160x160! -modulate 100,0 -blur 3x99 \
    -normalize -equalize -sample 16x16 -threshold 50% -monochrome mono:-

(The [0] in path[0] is used to only extract the first frame of animated GIFs; if you're not interested in such images you can just remove it.)

After applying this to 2 images, you will have 2 (256-bit) fingerprints, fp1 and fp2.

The similarity score of these 2 images is then computed by XORing these 2 values and counting the bits set to 1. To do this bit counting, you can use the bitsoncount() function from this answer:

# fp1 and fp2 are stored as lists of 8 (32-bit) integers
score = 0
for n in range(8):
    score += bitsoncount(fp1[n] ^ fp2[n])

score will be a number between 0 and 256 indicating how similar your images are. In my application I divide it by 2.56 (normalize to 0-100) and I've found that images with a normalized score of 20 or less are often identical.

If you want to implement this method and use it to compare lots of images, I strongly sugge

answered 2012-11-22T17:43:33.603

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