What are the benefits of OO programming? Will it help me write better code?

One thing no one has mentioned is that OO code facilitates writing readable code:

sherry.changePhoneNumber();
phoneCompany.assignNewPhoneNumberTo(sherry);
sherry.receive(new PhoneNumber().withAreaCode("555").withNumber("194-2677"));

I get a strange satisfaction from such aesthetics.

It seems everybody is responding to your question literally, i.e., the specific benefits/drawbacks of OO.

You should learn OO, but not because OO has any specific magic that you need.

The more general form is:

• Q: "Should I learn (OO, FP, concurrent, logic-based, event-driven, ...) programming?"
• A: "Yes, learning a new paradigm is always useful, even if you don't use it directly every day."