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Code: // test3.cpp #include <stack> using namespace std; template<typename T> struct ptr_stack_tp; template<typename T> struct ptr_stack_tp<T*> : public stack<T*> { ~ptr_stack_tp() { while (!empty()) { operator delete(top()); pop(); } } }; int main() {} Error message (gcc 4.7.2): test3.cpp: In destructor 'ptr_stack_tp<T*>::~ptr_stack_tp()': test3.cpp:15:23: error: there are no arguments to 'empty' that depend on a template parameter, so a declaration of 'empty' must be available [-fpermissive] test3.cpp:15:23: note: (if you use '-fpermissive', G++ will accept your code, but allowing the use of an undeclared name is deprecated) test3.cpp:16:33: error: there are no arguments to 'top' that depend on a template parameter, so a declaration of 'top' must be available [-fpermissive] test3.cpp:17:17: error: there are no arguments to 'pop' that depend on a template parameter, so a declaration of 'pop' must be available [-fpermissive] Functions empty() , top() and pop() are functions of std::stack , so, why gcc doesn't find them?

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