C++ sorting and keeping track of indexes

Using C++, and hopefully the standard library, I want to sort a sequence of samples in ascending order, but I also want to remember the original indexes of the new samples.

For example, I have a set, or vector, or matrix of samples A : [5, 2, 1, 4, 3]. I want to sort these to be B : [1,2,3,4,5], but I also want to remember the original indexes of the values, so I can get another set which would be: C : [2, 1, 4, 3, 0 ] - which corresponds to the index of each element in 'B', in the original 'A'.

For example, in Matlab you can do:

 [a,b]=sort([5, 8, 7])
 a = 5 7 8
 b = 1 3 2

Can anyone see a good way to do this?