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Newbie in Perl again here, trying to understand closure in Perl. So here's an example of code which I don't understand: sub make_saying { my $salute = shift; my $newfunc = sub { my $target = shift; print "$salute, $target!\n"; }; return $newfunc; # Return a closure } $f = make_saying("Howdy"); # Create a closure $g = make_saying("Greetings"); # Create another closure # Time passes... $f->("world"); $g->("earthlings"); So my questions are: If a variable is assigned to a function, is it automatically a reference to that function? In that above code, can I write $f = \make_saying("Howdy") instead? And when can I use the & because I tried using that in passing the parameters ( &$f("world") ) but it doesn't work. and lastly, in that code above how did the strings world and earthlings get appended to the strings Howdy and Greetings . Note: I understand that $f is somewhat bound to the function with the parameter "Howdy" so that's my understanding how "world" got appended. What I don't understand is the 2nd function inside. How that one operates its magic. Sorry I really don't know how to ask this one.

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