Is there any super fast algorithm for finding LINES on picture?

So I have Image like this

_{(source: de-viz.ru)}

I want to get something like this (I hevent drawn all lines I want but I hope you can get my idea)

_{(source: narod.ru)}

I need some super fast algorithm for finding all straight lines on it. I want to give to algorithm parameters like min length and max line distortion. I want to get relative to picture pixel coords start and end points of lines.

So on this picture to find all lines between tiles and thouse 2 black lines on top.

So I need algorithm for super fast finding straight lines of different colors on picture.

Is there any such algorithm? (super duper fast=)