Hibernate annotated many-to-one not adding child to parent Collection

I have the following annotated Hibernate entity classes:

@Entity
public class Cat {
    @Column(name = "ID") @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO) @Id
    private Long id;

    @OneToMany(mappedBy = "cat", cascade = CascadeType.ALL, fetch = FetchType.EAGER)
    private Set<Kitten> kittens = new HashSet<Kitten>();

    public void setId(Long id) { this.id = id; }
    public Long getId() { return id; }
    public void setKittens(Set<Kitten> kittens) { this.kittens = kittens; }
    public Set<Kitten> getKittens() { return kittens; }
}

@Entity
public class Kitten {
    @Column(name = "ID") @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO) @Id
    private Long id;

    @ManyToOne(cascade = CascadeType.ALL, fetch = FetchType.EAGER)
    private Cat cat;

    public void setId(Long id) { this.id = id; }
    public Long getId() { return id; }
    public void setCat(Cat cat) { this.cat = cat; }
    public Cat getCat() { return cat; }
}

My intention here is a bidirectional one-to-many/many-to-one relationship between Cat and Kitten, with Kitten being the "owning side".

What I want to happen is when I create a new Cat, followed by a new Kitten referencing the Cat, the Set of kittens on my Cat should contain the new Kitten. However, this does not happen in the following test:

@Test
public void testAssociations()
{
    Session session = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession();
    Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();

    Cat cat = new Cat();
    session.save(cat);

    Kitten kitten = new Kitten();
    kitten.setCat(cat);
    session.save(kitten);

    tx.commit();

    assertNotNull(kitten.getCat());
    assertEquals(cat.getId(), kitten.getCat().getId());
    assertTrue(cat.getKittens().size() == 1); // <-- ASSERTION FAILS
    assertEquals(kitten, new ArrayList<Kitten>(cat.getKittens()).get(0));
}

Even a