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Consider the following class: class Foo { enum Flags {Bar, Baz, Bax}; template<Flags, class = void> struct Internal; template<class unused> struct Internal<Bar, unused> {/* ... */}; template<class unused> struct Internal<Baz, unused> {/* ... */}; template<class unused> struct Internal<Bax, unused> {/* ... */}; }; The class outline above compiles and functions as expected when tested on VC++ 2010 and Comeau C++. However, when Foo is made into a template itself, the above snippet breaks under VC++ 2010. For example, the following snippet: template<class> class Foo { // Same contents as the original non-templated Foo. }; Yields the following error class : C2754: 'Foo<<unnamed-symbol>>::Internal<Bar,unused>' : a partial specialization cannot have a dependent non-type template parameter C2754: 'Foo<<unnamed-symbol>>::Internal<Baz,unused>' : a partial specialization cannot have a dependent non-type template parameter C2754: 'Foo<<unnamed-symbol>>::Internal<Bax,unused>' : a partial specialization cannot have a dependent non-type template parameter Can someone explain what is going on here in plain English? How can I fix this (i.e., keep internal pseudo-explicit specializations in a templated Foo ) on VC++ 2010?

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