Is there an intelligent way to know the name of the library to link to at compile time? (Linux/Kubuntu)

Please bear with me. I really want to know as I am curious about the answer:

Is there an intelligent way to know the name of the library to link to at compile time?

Allow me to give you an example that illustrates perfectly the reason for my question.

I am a C++ newbie. I am learning about compiling, linking and libraries like boost. I just discovered boost/filesystem and wanted to try it. Having had troubles compiling, I used the following minimalist code:

// file boost_example.cpp
 #include "boost/filesystem.hpp"

 #include <iostream>


int main()
{
        std::cout<<"Hello";
        return 0;
}

I tried to compile it, but being a newbie, I made a newbie mistake: I forgot to link to the proper library!

     g++ boost_example.cpp -o run

     g++ boost_example.cpp -o run -lbooster

     g++ boost_example.cpp -o run -lboost

     g++ boost_example.cpp -o run -lboost_filesystem

Since