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After reading this question on signed/unsigned compares (they come up every couple of days I'd say):
I wondered why we don't have proper signed unsigned compares and instead this horrible mess? Take the output from this small program:
#include <stdio.h>
#define C(T1,T2)\
{signed T1 a=-1;\
unsigned T2 b=1;\
printf("(signed %5s)%d < (unsigned %5s)%d = %d\n",#T1,(int)a,#T2,(int)b,(a<b));}\
#define C1(T) printf("%s:%d\n",#T,(int)sizeof(T)); C(T,char);C(T,short);C(T,int);C(T,long);
int main()
{
C1(char); C1(short); C1(int); C1(long);
}
Compiled with my standard compiler (gcc, 64bit), I get this:
char:1
(signed char)-1 < (unsigned char)1 = 1
(signed char)-1 < (unsigned short)1 = 1
(signed char)-1 < (unsigned int)1 = 0
(signed char)-1 < (unsigned long)1 = 0
short:2
(signed short)-1 < (unsigned char)1 = 1
(signed short)-1 < (unsigned short)1 = 1
(signed short)-1 < (unsigned int)1 = 0
(signed short)-1 < (unsigned long)1 = 0
int:4
(signed int)-1 < (unsigned char)1 = 1
(signed int)-1 < (unsigned short)1 = 1
(signed int)-1 < (unsigned int)1 = 0
(signed int)-1 < (unsigned long)1 = 0
long:8
(signed long)-1 < (unsigned char)1 = 1
(signed long)-1 < (unsigned short)1 = 1
(signed long)-1 < (unsigned int)1 = 1
(signed long)-1 < (unsigned long)1 = 0
If I compile for 32 bit, the result is the same except that:
long:4
(signed long)-1 < (unsigned int)1 = 0
The "How?" of all this is easy to find: Just goto section 6.3 of the C99 standard or chapter 4 of C++ and dig up the clauses which describe how the operands are converted to a common type and this can break if the common type reinterprets negative values.
Bu