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No. There are several debug options that affect the size of a class file but the comments are never part of the resulting .class file.
Some estimate:
-g:line just adds line number information (a few bytes)-g:vars includes the full names of all variables. This is usually the most expensive option.-g:source just adds the name of the source file (without path).Note: -parameters makes names of method parameter accessible via reflection. This is independent of -g:vars.
Comments (and therefore JavaDoc) are never added to the bytecode.
To see what ends up in the .class file, use javap -v plus the path of the file.